{
  "abstract": "Manuka (Leptospermum) honeys from Australia (Aust) and New Zealand (NZ) contain high levels of aromatic compounds, though only a subset are true phenolics in that they contain a hydroxyl group attached to an aromatic ring. Consequently, the traditional Folin-Ciocalteu Total Phenolic Content (FC-TPC) assay fails to detect many non-phenolic aromatic compounds that may confer health benefits. This paper quantified both phenolic and non-phenolic aromatic compounds in monofloral manuka honeys using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and the FC-TPC assay. In addition, this study evaluated the capacity of the honeys to inhibit 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX), an enzyme that causes peroxidation of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Australian (n = 7) and New Zealand (n = 6) Leptospermum scoparium (L. scoparium) honeys showed the highest total aromatic concentrations by HPLC-DAD (>2100 mg/kg), significantly exceeding those of L. liversidgei (n = 5), L. whitei (n = 5), and L. speciosum (n = 3) honeys. The FC-TPC assay identified higher phenolic levels in L. scoparium and L. polygalifolium honeys than in the other species studied. Sugar free Australian and New Zealand manuka honey aromatic extracts were potent inhibitors of 15-LOX enzyme, with IC50 values recorded at <15% of stock solutions (total extractables from 20.0 g of honey dissolved in 1.0 mL of 50% aqueous ethanol). Australian (IC50, 13.2 ± 0.7%) and New Zealand (13.1 ± 1.9%) L. scoparium honeys were more potent in inhibiting 15-LOX than L. liversidgei (IC50, 37.5 ± 6.3%) and L. speciosum (IC50, 36.6 ± 10.5%). Overall, this study demonstrates that HPLC-DAD provides a more comprehensive assessment of aromatic compounds in manuka honey than the FC-TPC assay and highlights the potential contribution of these compounds to anti-inflammatory activity.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore BC, Queensland, Australia",
    "Centre for Bioinnovation, School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore BC, Queensland, Australia",
    "School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore BC, Queensland, Australia"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Georgia Moore"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Asmaa Boufridi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9005-2343"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Fraser Russell"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Peter Brooks",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4915-4986"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4gg6xjmek3cxc.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0361877",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13730423/",
  "id": "4gg6xjmek3cxc",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0361877",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Agriculture"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Animal Products"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Antioxidants"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Biochemistry"
    ],
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      "heading",
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    ],
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      "heading",
      "Chemical Compounds"
    ],
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      "heading",
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    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Clinical Medicine"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Crop Science"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Crops"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Diet"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Enzyme Inhibitors"
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    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Food"
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      "heading",
      "Geographical locations"
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    [
      "heading",
      "Honey"
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    [
      "heading",
      "Immune Response"
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      "Immunology"
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      "Inflammation"
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    [
      "heading",
      "New Zealand"
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    [
      "heading",
      "Nutrition"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Oceania"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "People and places"
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      "Phenols"
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    [
      "openalex",
      "1109|Bee Products Chemical Analysis"
    ],
    [
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Agriculture/Animal products/Honey"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Agriculture/Crop science/Crops/Soybeans"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Antioxidants"
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    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Enzymology/Enzyme inhibitors"
    ],
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Immunology/Immune response/Inflammation"
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Nutrition/Diet/Food/Honey"
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      "/Medicine and health sciences/Clinical medicine/Signs and symptoms/Inflammation"
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    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Immunology/Immune response/Inflammation"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Nutrition/Diet/Food/Honey"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/People and places/Geographical locations/Oceania/New Zealand"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Chemistry/Chemical compounds/Phenols"
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      "plos",
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  "openalex": "W7225182293",
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  "pmcid": "PMC13730423",
  "pmid": "42976209",
  "published": "2026-11-03",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4gg6xjmek3cxc.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:20:43Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0361877",
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      "first_seen": "2026-11-07T12:22:59Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13730423",
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "plos:enzymology",
      "subfield": "enzymology-metabolism"
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    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:immunology",
      "subfield": "immunology"
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    {
      "field": "chemistry",
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      "origin": "heading:Statistics",
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      "origin": "plos:nutrition",
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  ],
  "title": "Aromatic profiles and 15-LOX inhibitory effects of Australian and New Zealand Manuka honeys",
  "title_text": "Aromatic profiles and 15-LOX inhibitory effects of Australian and New Zealand Manuka honeys",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T12:22:59Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4gg6xjmek3cxc",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}