{
  "abstract": "Engineered T cell therapies have transformed cancer immunotherapy, yet their application to solid tumors remains limited by Ag heterogeneity, shared Ag expression in normal tissues, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments, and immune-mediated toxicities. These barriers indicate that improving cytotoxic potency alone is insufficient. Instead, therapeutic precision depends on how engineered T cells interpret antigenic and immunological context. We discuss solid tumor Ag biology as a determinant of receptor selection, therapeutic efficacy, and on-target off-tumor toxicity. We then examine chimeric Ag receptor, TCR-based, TCR-mimic, soluble TCR, T cell Ag couplers, TCR fusion constructs, and synthetic TCR and Ag receptor/HLA-independent TCR (STAR/HIT) systems with emphasis on Ag accessibility and signaling architecture. We further summarize toxicity mechanisms, including systemic inflammatory amplification, Ag distribution-dependent tissue injury, TCR cross-reactivity, and receptor-associated signaling dysregulation. Finally, we review programmable strategies, including logic-gated receptors, synthetic Notch circuits, quantitative Ag sensing, adaptor-controlled receptors, and genome editing, as approaches for spatial, temporal, and quantitative control. This Ag-guided framework provides a structured basis for matching Ag biology with receptor architecture and safety-control strategies, while emphasizing the need for careful translational evaluation in solid tumor T cell therapy.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Korea ."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Su-Jin Kang",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3276-8957"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hyo Jung Cho",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-5990-6926"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ji-Hyeon Kim",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-5682-6740"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hyang-Mi Lee",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-2913-9723"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4gkw99rcxak7r.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.4110/in.2026.26.e40",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13744923/",
  "id": "4gkw99rcxak7r",
  "issns": [
    "1598-2629",
    "2092-6685"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.4110/in.2026.26.e40",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Review Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2730|CAR-T cell therapy research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224115245",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13744923",
  "pmid": "43001235",
  "published": "2026-09-14",
  "publisher": "The Korean Association of Immunologists",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4gkw99rcxak7r.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-11T12:22:23Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13744923",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.4110/in.2026.26.e40"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2730|CAR-T cell therapy research",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Antigen-Guided Synthetic Receptor Engineering for Safer T Cell Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors",
  "title_text": "Antigen-Guided Synthetic Receptor Engineering for Safer T Cell Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-11T12:22:23Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4gkw99rcxak7r",
  "venue": "Immune Network",
  "versions": []
}