{
  "abstract": "Depletion of B cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) is beneficial yet there is no defined pathogenic B cell subset in MS. Here, we demonstrate that T-bet+ memory B cells are rare in control human brain specimens but are found in MS lesions. Transfer of murine T-bet+ memory B cells into mice with ongoing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of MS, worsened their disability and demyelination. Microglia/macrophage density increased in central nervous system parenchyma even though B cells mostly remained in barriers. In culture, secreted factors from T-bet+ memory B cells promoted macrophage migration. IFN-{gamma} produced by T-bet+ memory B cells activated microglia to secrete chemokines that further enabled macrophage migration. Consistent with their age-associated elevation, conditional deletion of T-bet in B cells lowered EAE severity in aged but not young mice. We define T-bet+ memory B cells as pathogenic in EAE and MS through their IFN-{gamma}-facilitated interactions with microglia/macrophages.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "University of Calgary"
  ],
  "article_type": "New results",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "R. W. Jain"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Goiko"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Mendes"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Xue"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Zein"
    },
    {
      "name": "R. P. Gorter"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. T. Morch"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Prat"
    },
    {
      "name": "R. Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "V. W. Yong"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4gn9nktpv30f6.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.09.01.748682",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.01.748682v1.full",
  "id": "4gn9nktpv30f6",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.01.748682v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "biorxiv",
      "immunology"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2734|Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7210272316",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.01.748682v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4gn9nktpv30f6.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:40Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.09.01.748682",
      "source": "biorxiv",
      "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.01.748682v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "biorxiv:immunology",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Pathogenic T-bet+ memory B cells worsen multiple sclerosis through myeloid cell activation",
  "title_text": "Pathogenic T-bet+ memory B cells worsen multiple sclerosis through myeloid cell activation",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:40Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4gn9nktpv30f6",
  "venue": "bioRxiv",
  "versions": []
}