{
  "abstract": "Rifampicin (RIF) is a key first-line antitubercular agent. However, its clinical utility is hindered by poor solubility and suboptimal oral absorption. When paired with oppositely charged citric acid (CA) at 1:5 molar ratio, the interaction yields an active pharmaceutical ingredient ionic liquid (API-IL); RIF-CA IL. This transformation resulted in a new liquid form that modulated RIF’s physicochemical properties. This study explores the pharmaceutical and biological properties of a RIF-CA IL, 1:5. The conditions of the solvent-evaporation method were found to be critical for its stability and antimicrobial activity. Spectroscopic analyses confirmed IL formation and significant intermolecular interactions. RIF-CA IL exhibited improved wettability and hydrophilicity, resulting in a 20-fold increase in RIF saturation solubility. The IL had comparable cytotoxicity and cellular uptake to RIF in A549 lung cells. A Novel greenness-assisted HPLC method was developed to precisely and selectively determine rifampicin levels in serum. An in-vivo pharmacokinetic study in rabbits demonstrated a more than 2.2-fold increase in oral bioavailability compared to native RIF. Notably, these enhancements were not observed with a physical mixture of RIF and CA at the same molar ratio. These results suggest RIF-CA IL is a promising alternative to conventional RIF form with comparable bioactivity, yet superior bioavailability.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Hanan E. Rasmy"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yasmin N. Ramadan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Heba Salah Mousa"
    },
    {
      "name": "Helal F. Hetta"
    },
    {
      "name": "Elsayed A. Ibrahim"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sara A. Abouelmagd",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4124-0022"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4gw3d8t09r9ny.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-72363-8",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "4gw3d8t09r9ny",
  "issns": [
    "2045-2322"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-72363-8",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3003|Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222193724",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-72363-8.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-15",
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4gw3d8t09r9ny.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:28Z",
      "native_id": "10.1038/s41598-026-72363-8",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-72363-8"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:3003|Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The impact of ionic liquid formation on the activity, solubility and pharmacokinetics of rifampicin",
  "title_text": "The impact of ionic liquid formation on the activity, solubility and pharmacokinetics of rifampicin",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:28Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4gw3d8t09r9ny",
  "venue": "Scientific Reports",
  "versions": []
}