{
  "abstract": "Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks a blood-based biomarker for predicting or monitoring distant recurrence. We profiled 39 serum samples from 38 women (10 healthy controls; 12 non-recurrent [NR]; eight diagnosis-timepoint samples from patients who later recurred [DR-DIG]; nine recurrence-timepoint samples [DR-REC]) using the SomaScan v5.0 aptamer platform). Public tumor-tissue transcriptomic cohorts were used for supportive and exploratory analyses. No protein reached a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 for NR vs. DR-DIG; granzyme A (GZMA) and endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) showed the strongest nominal signals. For DR-DIG vs. DR-REC, 38 aptamers (37 proteins) reached FDR < 0.05, enriched for RNA-binding and nuclear-envelope proteins; this signature was retained in leave-one-out and storage-adjusted analyses. Higher GZMA mRNA was associated with longer recurrence-free survival in two independent cohorts (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.795, p = 0.018; HR = 0.186, p = 0.0057). Monitor genes showed near-chance concordance with metastatic tissue, and the source of the signature could not be resolved. An exploratory four-gene elastic-net panel reached a concordance index of 0.613 internally but 0.559 externally. GZMA is a candidate serum biomarker of TNBC recurrence risk, and the monitor signature is a preliminary observation. Both require protein-level validation in independent, prospectively collected serum cohorts.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90069, USA",
    "Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA",
    "Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA",
    "Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA",
    "California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA",
    "Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068507, Japan",
    "Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA",
    "Women’s Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA",
    "Department of Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 14,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jina Kim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Sunao Tanaka"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Edwardia Fosah",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-9377-1040"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Cynthia Jinno"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hyoyoung Kim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Thanosan Prathifkumar",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-7150-1967"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Yukiko Fukui",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4828-8421"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Kana Kawanishi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Masahiro Kawashima",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4738-8351"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Norikazu Masuda",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7302-0278"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Joshua Levy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Takeo Fujii",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3747-2688"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Sungyong You",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3513-1783"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Hideki Furuya",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9536-8662"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4h33q0cf3nm3s.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/ijms27209070",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13704957/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "4h33q0cf3nm3s",
  "issns": [
    "1422-0067"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/20/9070",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1306|Breast Cancer Treatment Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221660857",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13704957/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13704957",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4h33q0cf3nm3s.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:55Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/ijms27209070",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/20/9070"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:34Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13704957",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13704957"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:1306|Breast Cancer Treatment Studies",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Serum Proteomic Profiling by SomaScan Aptamer Array Identifies Candidate Predictive and Monitoring Biomarkers of Distant Recurrence in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer",
  "title_text": "Serum Proteomic Profiling by SomaScan Aptamer Array Identifies Candidate Predictive and Monitoring Biomarkers of Distant Recurrence in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:34Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4h33q0cf3nm3s",
  "venue": "International Journal of Molecular Sciences",
  "versions": []
}