{
  "abstract": "Neurons transform thousands of synaptic inputs into spiking output, and understanding this transformation requires measuring many submicron synapses at millisecond timescales in vivo. Here we present SLAP2, a two-photon random access projection microscope with no per-target access time cost, yielding over 5-fold faster imaging than existing methods, and performant real-time hardware motion correction. Flexible scanning modes enable measurement of hundreds of synapses at ~200 Hz, >800 synapses volumetrically at 50-100 Hz, and compartment-resolved dendritic voltage at 2-10 kHz in behaving mice. Simultaneous dendritic glutamate and somatic calcium imaging in visual cortex pyramidal neurons revealed nonlinear input-output amplification of stimulus onset and preferred stimulus orientation responses. Amplified features are associated with spatially organized inputs and stronger trial-to-trial coupling between synaptic activity and somatic output. These measurements establish SLAP2 as a powerful tool for recording intricate patterns of subcellular fluorescence dynamics in behaving animals.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Allen Institute, Neural Dynamics, Seattle, WA"
  ],
  "article_type": "New results",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 26,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "M. E. Xie"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Seyedolmohadesin"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. He"
    },
    {
      "name": "L. Li"
    },
    {
      "name": "Y. A. Hao"
    },
    {
      "name": "D. Flickinger"
    },
    {
      "name": "R. Gibiser"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. King"
    },
    {
      "name": "K. Driessen"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. Park"
    },
    {
      "name": "R. C. Peene"
    },
    {
      "name": "H. Loeffler"
    },
    {
      "name": "K. Nguyen"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Tom"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Williford"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. Swapp"
    },
    {
      "name": "G. Tononi"
    },
    {
      "name": "C. Cirelli"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Z. Lin"
    },
    {
      "name": "B. E. Kimmel"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. Glaser"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. D. Golub"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. S. Charles"
    },
    {
      "name": "K. Svoboda"
    },
    {
      "name": "G. Jaindl"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "K. Podgorski"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4hjvepanag9rb.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.11.05.764682",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.11.05.764682v1.full",
  "id": "4hjvepanag9rb",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.11.05.764682v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "biorxiv",
      "neuroscience"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.11.05.764682v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-05",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4hjvepanag9rb.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-07T00:21:24Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.11.05.764682",
      "source": "biorxiv",
      "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.11.05.764682v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "biorxiv:neuroscience",
      "subfield": "neuroscience"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Measuring neuronal input-output operations in vivo with random access projection microscopy",
  "title_text": "Measuring neuronal input-output operations in vivo with random access projection microscopy",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T00:21:09Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4hjvepanag9rb",
  "venue": "bioRxiv",
  "versions": []
}