{
  "abstract": "Background: CDK4/6 inhibitors with endocrine therapy are standard first-line treatment for hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer, yet simple pretreatment prognostic markers are lacking. The LDH-to-albumin ratio (LAR) and the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) both incorporate serum albumin and are each reported as prognostic, but have not been compared within a single cohort, and LAR has not been examined during CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy. This study evaluated both indices in this setting. Methods: Consecutive patients (n = 139) receiving palbociclib or ribociclib plus endocrine therapy (2020-2025) were analysed retrospectively. LAR was modelled continuously on the logarithmic scale, with hazard ratios per doubling; an external cut-off (46.27) served for Kaplan-Meier illustration only. GPS was calculated in its original form. As both contain albumin, each entered a separate multivariable Cox model with identical covariates. Endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results: Over a median follow-up of 50.0 months, 72 deaths and 110 progression events occurred. LAR was independently associated with OS (adjusted HR 2.87 per doubling, 95% CI 1.78-4.62, p < 0.001) and PFS (2.21, 1.45-3.35, p < 0.001). GPS was independently associated with OS (1.72, 1.05-2.82, p = 0.032) but not PFS (1.32, 0.88-1.98, p = 0.187). LAR-based models had lower Akaike information criterion values (ΔAIC 12.3 and 10.9), but concordance did not differ significantly between the indices (ΔC ≈ 0.04, p > 0.20). Conclusions: Baseline LAR, an inexpensive routine index, was associated with both endpoints, whereas GPS was associated with overall survival alone. Discrimination was modest for both indices (C-index ≤ 0.61) and did not differ significantly between them. External validation is required.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Division of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, 45030 Manisa, Turkey."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ece Sahin Hafizoglu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ferhat Ekinci",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9317-942X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mustafa Sahbazlar",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1857-593X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Atike Pinar Erdogan"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4hynwvw1gspg4.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/curroncol33100582",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13703568",
  "id": "4hynwvw1gspg4",
  "issns": [
    "1198-0052",
    "1718-7729"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42930149",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2730|Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214799585",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13703568?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13703568",
  "pmid": "42930149",
  "published": "2026-09-29",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4hynwvw1gspg4.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42930149",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42930149"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2730|Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Lactate Dehydrogenase-to-Albumin Ratio and Glasgow Prognostic Score as Prognostic Markers in Metastatic Breast Cancer Treated with CDK4/6 Inhibitors.",
  "title_text": "Lactate Dehydrogenase-to-Albumin Ratio and Glasgow Prognostic Score as Prognostic Markers in Metastatic Breast Cancer Treated with CDK4/6 Inhibitors.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4hynwvw1gspg4",
  "venue": "Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.)",
  "versions": []
}