{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nLocally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (LA-OSCC) has poor prognosis with standard therapy; recurrent disease is palliative. We compared neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibition plus paclitaxel-cisplatin followed by R0 resection ± radiotherapy versus non-surgical treatment in treatment-naive and recurrent LA-OSCC.Methods\n\nThis multicenter retrospective study (2021-2024) included 178 stage III-IVb LA-OSCC patients (43 recurrent, 135 treatment-naive) receiving neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), analyzed using multivariable time-dependent Cox regression, propensity score matching (PSM), inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), and landmark analyses.Results\n\nThe overall response rate was 66.3%; the pathological complete response rate among 117 surgical patients was 35.0%. Responders had better OS than non-responders (HR 0.19, 95%CI 0.11-0.32, p < 0.001). Surgery was associated with improved OS versus non-surgical management (HR 0.23, 95%CI 0.13-0.39, p < 0.001), and the association remained consistent after multivariable adjustment (HR 0.29, 95%CI 0.16-0.52), PSM (47 pairs; HR 0.34, 95%CI 0.17-0.66), IPTW (HR 0.36, 95% CI 0.18-0.74), and 6-month landmark analysis (HR 0.22, 95%CI 0.13-0.39). Radiotherapy was also associated with improved OS (HR 0.43, 95%CI 0.21-0.87, p = 0.018); postoperative radiotherapy was associated with longer OS than surgery alone (HR 0.43, 95%CI 0.16-0.98, p = 0.047), and surgery was associated with improved OS in recurrent disease (HR 0.47, 95%CI 0.21-0.99, p = 0.049).Conclusion\n\nIn treatment-naive and recurrent LA-OSCC, neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy followed by response-directed R0 resection and risk-adapted radiotherapy was associated with improved OS. These retrospective associations warrant confirmation in prospective randomized trials.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.",
    "Department of Pathology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.",
    "Department of Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, Liuyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.",
    "Department of Otolaryngology, Liling Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan Province, China.",
    "Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.",
    "Department of Head and Neck Radiotherapy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Qiwei Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yan Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Liang Zuo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shuichao Gao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jiaming Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lei Xue"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ping Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Xiaoqing Lei"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Jingguan Lin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Yaqian Han",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6716-4320"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Hekun Jin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Yujuan Zhou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hao Tian"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4js8418nap7zt.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1080/07853890.2026.2744077",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13721807",
  "id": "4js8418nap7zt",
  "issns": [
    "0785-3890",
    "1365-2060"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42954036",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Oncology"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Research Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2733|Head and Neck Cancer Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224353073",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13721807?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13721807",
  "pmid": "42954036",
  "published": "2026-10-29",
  "publisher": "Taylor & Francis",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4js8418nap7zt.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T00:20:36Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42954036",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42954036"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:22:26Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13721807",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2026.2744077"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "heading:Oncology",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "R0 resection following neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibition with paclitaxel-cisplatin is associated with improved overall survival in locally advanced and recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma: multicenter retrospective cohort study.",
  "title_text": "R0 resection following neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibition with paclitaxel-cisplatin is associated with improved overall survival in locally advanced and recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma: multicenter retrospective cohort study.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:22:26Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4js8418nap7zt",
  "venue": "Annals of medicine",
  "versions": []
}