{
  "abstract": "The human neocortex exhibits characteristic regional patterning (arealization) critical for higher-order cognitive function. Disrupted arealization is implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), but current neocortical organoid models largely fail to recapitulate this patterning, limiting mechanistic understanding. We establish a straightforward method for generating arealized organoids through short-term early exposure to anterior or posterior morphogens. These treatments created distinct anteroposterior (AP) signaling centers, supporting long-lasting polarization validated by spatial and single-cell RNA sequencing, which revealed area-specific molecular signatures matching the prenatal human cortex. To demonstrate utility, we modeled fragile X syndrome (FXS) in organoids with distinct AP identities. FXS organoids showed disrupted expression gradients along the AP axis, consistent with alterations in autism spectrum disorder, demonstrating how regional patterning defects may contribute to NDD pathology. Together, our study provides a robust platform for generating neocortical organoids with AP molecular signatures and highlights the importance of modeling NDDs using experimental platforms with neuroanatomic specificity.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA",
    "Department of Mathematics, School of Physical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA",
    "Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA",
    "Department of Mathematics, School of Physical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; NSF-Simons Center for Multiscale Cell Fate Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA",
    "Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA. Electronic address: momokow@uci.edu"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 19,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuan‐Chen Tsai",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5250-0646"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hajime Ozaki",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-5940-2096"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Axel A. Almet",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9173-8278"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Isabel Fleming"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Caihao Nie"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Songhao Luo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xinyi Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kaori Shiraiwa"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Matthew Jung Min Noh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sunnyana Trejo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Bret Kiyoshi Sugita"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jiya Dalal"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ruben Alberto Gonzalez"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Briana De Jesus"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Nate Branco"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Gregory Li-Min Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Michael J. Gandal",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5800-5128"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Qing Hua Nie",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8804-3368"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Momoko Watanabe",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5014-2849"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4k19zbeeptpz7.bib",
  "cited_by": 7,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.stem.2026.07.014",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "4k19zbeeptpz7",
  "issns": [
    "1875-9777",
    "1934-5909"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2026.07.014",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2806|Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7203838458",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1934590926002742/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC12424832",
  "pmid": "40950130",
  "published": "2026-08-20",
  "publisher": "Elsevier BV",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4k19zbeeptpz7.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-05T13:21:01Z",
      "native_id": "W7203838458",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2026.07.014"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2806|Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms",
      "subfield": "neuroscience"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Morphogen-guided neocortical organoids with anteroposterior areal identity",
  "title_text": "Morphogen-guided neocortical organoids with anteroposterior areal identity",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T13:20:48Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4k19zbeeptpz7",
  "venue": "Cell stem cell",
  "versions": []
}