{
  "abstract": "Analytical methods were developed to quantify eight rubber-derived organic contaminants, including four p-phenylenediamine-derived quinones (PPDQs), 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), 1,3-diphenylurea (DPU), N,N-dibutylbutan-1-amine (TBA), and 1,3-dicyclohexylurea (DCU) in the dissolved phase and suspended particulate matter (SPM) of surface water and melted snow. Dissolved-phase samples were prepared using solid-phase extraction with hydrophilic-lipophilic balance cartridges and a 3/7 (v/v) mixture of acetonitrile and dichloromethane as elution solvents. SPM samples underwent ultrasonic-assisted extraction using the same solvent mixture. Reduced glutathione was added before extraction to improve recovery and reduce variability of target compounds. Quantification was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a hybrid linear ion-trap-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap) in positive electrospray ionization and full-scan mode (m/z 100-500). Method detection limits for surface water ranged from 0.2 to 7.0 ng/L in the dissolved phase and 0.1-2.6 ng/L in SPM. For melted snow, detection limits ranged from 0.2 to 5.0 ng/L in the dissolved phase and from 0.1 to 5.4 ng/L in SPM. Sample storage tests (4°C and -20°C) indicate that the dissolved phase should be extracted on the sample collection day, while SPM samples (filters stored at -20°C) should be extracted within seven days. Three of the eight target compounds, including DPG, DCU, and 2-((4-methylpentan-2-yl)amino)-5-(phenylamino)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (6PPDQ), were detected in environmental surface water and snowmelt samples from Quebec, Canada. This is the first reported method using UHPLC/ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap to simultaneously determine these eight contaminants in the dissolved and SPM phases of surface water and melted snow.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Julie Anquetin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mathieu Babin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rachid Amara"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zhe Lu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4m5nbata9rtvd.bib",
  "cited_by": 5,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.chroma.2025.466417",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "4m5nbata9rtvd",
  "issns": [
    "0021-9673",
    "1873-3778"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05828655v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.chim"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "0.sde"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1602|Analytical chemistry methods development"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W4414780551",
  "pdf_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05828655/document",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-29",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4m5nbata9rtvd.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:03Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05828655",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05828655v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "hal:0.chim",
      "subfield": "general"
    },
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "hal:0.sde",
      "subfield": "environmental-science"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Analysis of rubber-derived contaminants in surface water and snow by liquid chromatography coupled with a hybrid linear ion-trap-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry",
  "title_text": "Analysis of rubber-derived contaminants in surface water and snow by liquid chromatography coupled with a hybrid linear ion-trap-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T12:20:56Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4m5nbata9rtvd",
  "venue": "Journal of Chromatography A",
  "versions": []
}