{
  "abstract": "Background and purpose\n\nTo examine 16-year temporal trends in the distribution of symptomatic extracranial carotid artery disease (ECAD) versus intracranial artery disease (IAD) among South Korean patients with anterior-circulation steno-occlusive ischemic stroke, and to explore how evolving vascular risk profiles and their management may have influenced these patterns.Methods\n\nUsing the CRCS-K-NIH (Clinical Research Collaboration for Stroke in Korea-National Institute of Health) registry, we retrospectively included first-ever ischemic stroke patients admitted to 9 South Korean hospitals from April 2008 to December 2023. Patients with symptomatic ≥50% stenosis or occlusion in the anterior circulation were selected, while those with high-risk cardioembolic sources or rare stroke etiologies were excluded. Temporal trends in the proportions of symptomatic ECAD and IAD were evaluated across four time periods (2008-2011, 2012-2015, 2016-2019, and 2020-2023), and logistic regression was used to assess associations of periods and risk factors with ECAD and IAD.Results\n\nAmong 7,978 eligible patients, the unadjusted proportion with ECAD decreased linearly, whereas the unadjusted proportion with IAD remained stably predominant. Over the same period, age, diabetes and obesity prevalence, and pre-stroke use of antihypertensive, antidiabetic medications, and statins increased, while current smoking declined. Temporal trends in ECAD persisted after adjustment for baseline factors. Use of antihypertensive and antidiabetic medications and current smoking was not associated with the presence of ECAD, while statin use was associated with the presence of ECAD after adjusting for possible confounders.Conclusions\n\nIn South Korean patients with anterior-circulation steno-occlusive ischemic stroke, symptomatic ECAD has declined over 16 years, contrasting with the persistently high burden of IAD. Further research is needed to clarify what caused these trends.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. cobnut@daum.net.",
    "Department of Neurology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.",
    "Department of Neurology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Korea.",
    "Department of Neurology, Daejeon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.",
    "Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.",
    "Department of Neurology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.",
    "Department of Neurology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.",
    "Department of Neurology, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea.",
    "Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.",
    "Department of Neurology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea.",
    "Division of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.",
    "Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Cerebrovascular Disease Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 22,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kyusik Kang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Nam Oh Kim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Michelle Sojung Youn"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jong-Moo Park"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Jae Guk Kim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Soo Joo Lee"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Dae-Hyun Kim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Jae-Kwan Cha"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Tai Hwan Park"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Jeong-Yoon Lee"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Kyungbok Lee"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Jun Lee"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Hong-Kyun Park"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Yong-Jin Cho"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Keun-Sik Hong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Mi-Sun Oh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Kyung-Ho Yu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Byung-Chul Lee"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Dong-Wan Kang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Beom Joon Kim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Jihoon Kang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Hee-Joon Bae"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4m7bg5mp6n0vf.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.5853/jos.2025.06737",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13678332",
  "id": "4m7bg5mp6n0vf",
  "issns": [
    "2287-6391",
    "2287-6405"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42894452",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2740|Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220679354",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13678332?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13678332",
  "pmid": "42894452",
  "published": "2026-09-30",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4m7bg5mp6n0vf.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:37Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42894452",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42894452"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2740|Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Temporal Trends in the Distribution of Extracranial Carotid and Intracranial Artery Disease Among South Korean Stroke Patients.",
  "title_text": "Temporal Trends in the Distribution of Extracranial Carotid and Intracranial Artery Disease Among South Korean Stroke Patients.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:37Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4m7bg5mp6n0vf",
  "venue": "Journal of stroke",
  "versions": []
}