{
  "abstract": "The pursuit of accurate diagnosis for musculoskeletal diseases has driven significant advancements in imaging technologies. However, fully understanding the complexity of the diseases requires monitoring multiple functional components, particularly during locomotion. Here, we present a live short-wave infrared (SWIR) imaging strategy designed to capture functional variations of musculoskeletal diseases in male murine models, and further extend it to male rabbit models and human knee joint. This approach directly visualized the kinematics of synovial fluid during normal locomotion, identifying distinct peak of fluid flow. When applied to injury evaluation, it revealed significant kinematic differences in patellar maltracking between isolated tendon injuries and combined tendon and muscle injuries, providing mechanical insights into their long-term outcomes. The versatility of this technique was further demonstrated by simultaneously examining bone and vascular kinematics during bone healing. This enabled the monitoring of large arteries in bone, and revealed an initial divergence from the bone regeneration. Overall, this advanced live SWIR imaging methodology enables dynamic, motion-robust, and multi-componential assessments of functional variations, positioning it as a next-generation functional diagnostic tool for musculoskeletal diseases.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.",
    "Department of Mathematics, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada.",
    "Department of Joint Replacement, Sports Medicine, and Trauma,Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.",
    "Department of Physics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.",
    "Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics (SITP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China.",
    "Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.",
    "Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. fiona.w@sjtu.edu.cn.",
    "Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics (SITP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, China. fuchun.chen@mail.sitp.ac.cn.",
    "Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. liyunxia912@aliyun.com.",
    "Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. biochenjun@fudan.edu.cn.",
    "Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. biochenjun@fudan.edu.cn."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 18,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Huizhu Li",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5944-777X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sijia Feng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Juan Liyau"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Huaixuan Sheng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shunyao Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiao Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Mo Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Liman Sai"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Lu Fang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Chengxuan Yu",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8860-253X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kai Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Yan Wo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "You Liang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shiyi Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Yueming Wang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5570-1678"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Fuchun Chen",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5829-9637"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Yunxia Li",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2086-3415"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9,
        10
      ],
      "name": "Jun Chen",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4573-801X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4m9ydx03mhnby.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41467-026-77137-4",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13720147",
  "id": "4m9ydx03mhnby",
  "issns": [
    "2041-1723"
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  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42957699",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
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  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13720147?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13720147",
  "pmid": "42957699",
  "published": "2026-09-14",
  "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4m9ydx03mhnby.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T00:20:45Z",
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      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42957699"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2741|Infrared Thermography in Medicine",
      "subfield": "imaging"
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  ],
  "title": "Next-generation functional diagnostic paradigm for musculoskeletal diseases based on live SWIR imaging.",
  "title_text": "Next-generation functional diagnostic paradigm for musculoskeletal diseases based on live SWIR imaging.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:21:05Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4m9ydx03mhnby",
  "venue": "Nature communications",
  "versions": []
}