{
  "abstract": "Aedes albopictus is a major global vector of arboviruses. Pyriproxyfen, an insect growth regulator, is increasingly used for mosquito control, but the potential for resistance and cross-resistance with pyrethroids poses a serious threat. Through 13 generations of laboratory selection, we established a highly pyriproxyfen-resistant Ae. albopictus strain (Lab-R, RR50 = 10.12). This strain developed moderate to high cross-resistance to the permethrin, deltamethrin, and beta-cypermethrin (RR50 = 8.11–10.30). Resistance was associated with significant fitness costs, including prolonged larval development, reduced female longevity, and lower fecundity and egg hatching. Crucially, resistance of Lab-R was driven by enhanced metabolic enzyme activity (P450s, GSTs, Car Es), with no target-site mutations detected in the CHS-1 or kdr genes. Synergist assays confirmed that enzyme inhibitors largely restored insecticide susceptibility. These findings demonstrate that metabolic resistance mediates cross-resistance between pyriproxyfen and pyrethroids in Ae. albopictus, carrying substantial fitness trade-offs. For vector control programs, this warns against the overreliance on rotational or sequential use of pyriproxyfen and pyrethroids as the sole rotation strategy, emphasizes the need for routine monitoring of metabolic resistance, and supports the potential use of synergists such as PBO to restore efficacy where resistance has emerged.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring, and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China",
    "Department of Vector Surveillance Section of Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Microbiome and Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xuexue Kong"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Dan Wang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jingzhu Zhou"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dijun Chen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xiaoyi Lu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ting Lei"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yong Hu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wenqin Liang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4meemdbbndah6.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0355196",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "4meemdbbndah6",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0355196",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Insect Resistance and Genetics"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Agriculture/Agrochemicals/Insecticides"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Enzymology/Enzyme chemistry/Enzyme metabolism"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Developmental biology/Life cycles/Larvae"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Evolutionary biology/Evolutionary processes/Evolutionary emergence"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Eukaryota/Animals/Invertebrates/Arthropoda/Insects/Mosquitoes"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Physiology/Reproductive physiology/Eggs/Bird eggs"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Population biology/Population metrics/Death rates"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Species interactions/Disease vectors/Insect vectors/Mosquitoes"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Zoology/Animals/Invertebrates/Arthropoda/Insects/Mosquitoes"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Zoology/Entomology/Insects/Mosquitoes"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Infectious diseases/Disease vectors/Insect vectors/Mosquitoes"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Infectious diseases/Infectious disease control"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7204794779",
  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0355196&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-08-31",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4meemdbbndah6.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:02Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0355196",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0355196"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "plos:enzymology",
      "subfield": "enzymology-metabolism"
    },
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:zoology",
      "subfield": "zoology-behaviour"
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    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:infectious diseases",
      "subfield": "infectious-disease"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Metabolic resistance drives cross-resistance in Aedes albopictus to pyriproxyfen and pyrethroid insecticides",
  "title_text": "Metabolic resistance drives cross-resistance in Aedes albopictus to pyriproxyfen and pyrethroid insecticides",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:02Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4meemdbbndah6",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}