{
  "abstract": "How can a rule inferred from examples reach someone who never saw them, without a shared code? Patients with severe aphasia do it by gesture or sketch. One network sees worked examples and emits eight invented symbols; a second, blind to them, applies them to a new input. Rewarded for the second's success, the first learns a code carrying rules to three-step transformations training never presents, which new learners acquire. Like invented human languages, the code has two regimes: under reward alone the speaker drifts to one message, as human languages lose words under plain transmission; expressive pressure keeps messages differentiated. Success on new rules tracks how much the message says about the rule, not how varied messages are. The learning signal shapes the code: reward sorts many rules under few fixed labels; the listener's error gradient gives each rule a region of similar messages, telling rules apart far better.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.31192",
  "author_total": 1,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Cristiano Capone"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4n1x6f7wjzz6b.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.31192",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "4n1x6f7wjzz6b",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.31192",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "q-bio.NC"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3316|Language and cultural evolution"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214622761",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.31192",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-25",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4n1x6f7wjzz6b.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:24:58Z",
      "native_id": "2609.31192",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.31192"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "arxiv:q-bio.NC",
      "subfield": "neuroscience"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Learning a non-linguistic code for inferred rules from reward",
  "title_text": "Learning a non-linguistic code for inferred rules from reward",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:24:58Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4n1x6f7wjzz6b",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}