{
  "abstract": "Objective\n\nTo explore the clinical characteristics and long-term prognostic factors of anti-Dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein 6 (DPPX) antibody encephalitis in Chinese patients.Method\n\nThis study retrospectively included anti-DPPX antibody encephalitis patients diagnosed at three medical centres from January 2019 to May 2024. modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Clinical Assessment Scale in Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE) were used to evaluate baseline, short-term (3 months) and long-term (12 months) outcomes. Furthermore, we analysed the relationship between clinical characteristics, immune markers and prognosis.Results\n\n15 patients were included (median age 45, 60% female). Predominant symptoms were cognitive impairment (66.7%, 10/15), seizures (53.3%, 8/15) and psychiatric symptoms (53.3%, 8/15), with a low incidence of preceding weight loss (6.7%, 1/15); 60.0% (9/15) of patients had abnormal brain MRI findings. Both mRS and CASE scores significantly improved at 3 and 12 months of follow-up (all p<0.05), but 46.2% (5/11) of patients still had memory impairment after 12 months of follow-up. Short-term disease severity (3M-CASE) was significantly positively correlated with hospital stay (β=0.22, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.42, p=0.03), psychiatric disorders (β=2.71, 95% CI 0.26 to 5.17, p=0.03), intensive care unit admission (β=4.11, 95% CI 2.07 to 6.15, p=0.001) and MRI abnormalities (β=3.13, 95% CI 0.73 to 5.52, p=0.02). Long-term disease severity (12M-CASE) was significantly correlated with sleep disorders (β=2.72, 95% CI 0.36 to 5.08, p=0.03). No specific immunological biomarkers remained significantly correlated with CASE scores after adjustment for multiple comparisons. No clinical relapse was observed in the 11 patients with available long-term follow-up data.Conclusion\n\nThis study delineates the clinical phenotype of anti-DPPX encephalitis in China. Immunotherapy was significantly associated with improvements in short-term and long-term outcomes. Prognostic factors and relevant immune biomarkers differ between disease stages, underscoring the need for long-term management and stage-specific immunointervention.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.",
    "School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.",
    "Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.",
    "Department of Neurology, Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China.",
    "Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fuping Chen",
      "orcid": "0009-0009-5155-6248"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wendi Yu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jing Peng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Tao Xue"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Tingting Ma"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Hua Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Chong Xie"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Haipei Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kan Wang",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9811-4142"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yong Hao",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3652-0449"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4p3qdhn22wne2.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1136/bmjno-2026-001645",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13723819",
  "id": "4p3qdhn22wne2",
  "issns": [
    "2632-6140"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42968772",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "1506"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2728|Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224498380",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13723819?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13723819",
  "pmid": "42968772",
  "published": "2026-10-29",
  "publisher": "BMJ Publishing Group",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4p3qdhn22wne2.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T15:20:53Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42968772",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42968772"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:22:23Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13723819",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjno-2026-001645"
    }
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2728|Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments",
      "subfield": "neurology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Clinical features and long-term outcomes of anti-DPPX autoimmune encephalitis: a multicentre retrospective study in a Chinese cohort.",
  "title_text": "Clinical features and long-term outcomes of anti-DPPX autoimmune encephalitis: a multicentre retrospective study in a Chinese cohort.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T12:20:34Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4p3qdhn22wne2",
  "venue": "BMJ neurology open",
  "versions": []
}