{
  "abstract": "Background: Reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation (RCCEP) is a characteristic cutaneous adverse event associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. This study compared two prophylactic thalidomide doses to identify the more promising dose for further evaluation.\n\nMethods: In this multicenter, randomized clinical trial, patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma or non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were randomly assigned to receive thalidomide 50 mg/day (Group A) or 100 mg/day (Group B) during first-line treatment with camrelizumab plus standard chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was overall RCCEP incidence; secondary endpoints included grade ≥3 RCCEP, median time to RCCEP onset, week 6 and week 9 RCCEP incidence, and safety.\n\nResults: A total of 72 patients were randomized. RCCEP occurred in 12 of 36 patients (33.3%) in Group A and 9 of 36 patients (25.0%) in Group B. RCCEP incidence at week 6 was 13.9% in Group A and 19.4% in Group B, and by week 9 was 25.0% and 19.4%, respectively. No grade ≥3 RCCEP occurred; all first RCCEP events were grade 1, with 1 grade 2 event reported in Group A. Among patients who developed RCCEP, median onset time was 1.49 and 1.31 months, respectively. Thalidomide-related adverse events occurred in 22.2% and 41.7% of patients, and grade 3 or higher thalidomide-related adverse events occurred in 8.3% and 22.2%, respectively. Serious adverse events occurred in 11.1% and 13.9% of patients, respectively.\n\nConclusion: Thalidomide 100 mg/day met the prespecified incidence-based dose-selection criterion compared with 50 mg/day but was associated with a higher incidence of grade 3 or higher toxicity. Further controlled evaluation is warranted.\n\nClinical trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06231680 , identifier NCT06231680.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University",
    "Department of Digestive Diseases, Henan Cancer Hospital Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University",
    "Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanyang Medical College",
    "Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences/Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital",
    "Medical Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Zhejiang University",
    "Oncology Department, Lixin County People’s Hospital",
    "Medical Oncology Department, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital",
    "Radiation Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University",
    "Medical Oncology Department, Tangshan Central Hospital",
    "Medical Oncology Department, Xi’an NO. 9 Hospital",
    "Medical Oncology Department, Nanjing First Hospital",
    "Department of Medical Affairs, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 14,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiao Fu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Shuning Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Peng Cheng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Haitao Lan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Yina Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Dong Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Mingyue Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Shouguo Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Weidong Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Guiping Yu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Xiaowei Wei"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Feilong Sun"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yu Yao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ying Liu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4p5ra2q5snrfb.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1917046",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13719562/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "4p5ra2q5snrfb",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1917046/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Clinical Trial"
    ],
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      "openalex",
      "2730|Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers"
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  "openalex": "W7222638281",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1917046/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13719562",
  "pmid": "42964306",
  "published": "2026-10-16",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4p5ra2q5snrfb.ris",
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2730|Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers",
      "subfield": "oncology"
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  ],
  "title": "Thalidomide dose selection for prevention of camrelizumab-induced reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation: a multicenter, randomized phase II trial",
  "title_text": "Thalidomide dose selection for prevention of camrelizumab-induced reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation: a multicenter, randomized phase II trial",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:20:37Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4p5ra2q5snrfb",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Immunology",
  "versions": []
}