{
  "abstract": "The present study evaluated the effects of housefly (Musca domestica) larvae meal (HFLM) and housefly larvae plus frass (HFLF), with or without a commercial synbiotic-enzyme supplement, on apparent ileal nutrient digestibility and apparent ileal digestible energy (AIDE) in Lohmann LSL-Lite laying hens. Two 10-week feeding trials were conducted, each involving 192 hens at 56 weeks of age, using a 4 × 2 factorial design with four inclusion levels (0, 5, 10, and 15%) of HFLM or HFLF and two synbiotic-enzyme supplementation levels (0 and 0.05%). In Experiment 1, HFLM inclusion did not affect nutrient digestibility or AIDE (P > 0.05), and no HFLM × synbiotic-enzyme interactions were observed. Synbiotic-enzyme supplementation reduced ash digestibility by 24.1% (42.20 vs. 55.63%; P = 0.0312), whereas it increased nitrogen-free extract digestibility (NFE) by 37.1% (72.81 vs. 53.09%; P = 0.0099) and AIDE by 23.2% (2836.2 vs. 2301.5 kcal/kg; P = 0.0240). In Experiment 2, significant HFLF × synbiotic-enzyme interactions were detected for crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), ash, NFE, and AIDE (P ≤ 0.0401). The 10% HFLF diet supplemented with 0.05% synbiotic-enzyme produced the highest CP (87.49%), EE (79.15%), ash (70.72%), and NFE (87.49%) digestibility values and AIDE (3402.29 kcal/kg), representing increases of 42.3%, 99.8%, 69.6%, 116.8%, and 96.1%, respectively, relative to the corresponding lowest observed values. The lowest CP, NFE, and AIDE values were observed with 5% HFLF without supplementation, whereas the lowest EE and ash digestibility occurred with 15% HFLF with and without supplementation, respectively. HFLF inclusion also affected crude fiber (P = 0.0100) and calcium (P = 0.0166) digestibility, which increased by 36.4% and 52.4%, respectively, at 10% HFLF compared with the control. Overall, under the conditions of the present study, HFLM inclusion up to 15% did not adversely affect apparent ileal nutrient digestibility or energy utilization. The responses to HFLF varied with synbiotic-enzyme supplementation, with 10% HFLF plus 0.05% supplementation showing favorable nutrient digestibility and energy utilization responses.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Animal Science Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, 6715685423, Iran.",
    "Animal Science Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, 6715685423, Iran. Electronic address: torki@razi.ac.ir.",
    "Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.",
    "Department of Animal and Poultry Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Iran."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Abolfazl Salehizadeh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mehran Torki"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Maryam Darbemamieh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Seyed Davood Sharifi"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4p85sf5f222py.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.psj.2026.107904",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13685918",
  "id": "4p85sf5f222py",
  "issns": [
    "0032-5791",
    "1525-3171"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42868856",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1109|Insect Utilization and Effects"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220401122",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13685918?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13685918",
  "pmid": "42868856",
  "published": "2026-10-05",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4p85sf5f222py.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:00Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42868856",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42868856"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1109|Insect Utilization and Effects",
      "subfield": "zoology-behaviour"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Evaluation of housefly (Musca domestica) larvae meal and frass as alternative protein sources in late-phase laying hens: Effects on ileal digestibility and energy utilization.",
  "title_text": "Evaluation of housefly (Musca domestica) larvae meal and frass as alternative protein sources in late-phase laying hens: Effects on ileal digestibility and energy utilization.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:00Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4p85sf5f222py",
  "venue": "Poultry science",
  "versions": []
}