{
  "abstract": "Objective: This study examined changes in self-reported executive functioning difficulties and cognitive emotion regulation following integrated Emotional Schema Therapy (EST) and the Unified Protocol (UP) among adults with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).\n\nMethods and Materials: A controlled pretest–posttest study with one-month follow-up was conducted among 32 adults with GAD recruited from a psychiatric treatment center in Tehran, Iran, in 2023. Participants were reportedly randomly allocated to integrated EST–UP (n = 16) or control (n = 16). The intervention comprised ten individual 60-minute sessions over 12 weeks. Outcomes were assessed using the Adult Executive Functioning Inventory and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire–Short Form. Descriptive statistics and repeated-measures ANOVA were reported.\n\nFindings: Executive difficulty scores decreased from 40.00 ± 1.63 to 31.50 ± 1.75 in the intervention group, compared with 39.25 ± 1.91 to 38.94 ± 2.17 in controls. Maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation decreased from 24.50 ± 2.15 to 14.88 ± 1.93, while adaptive regulation increased from 18.94 ± 1.69 to 31.75 ± 3.53. Corresponding control-group changes were minimal. At one-month follow-up, intervention-group scores were 31.81 ± 2.40, 15.38 ± 1.86, and 31.31 ± 3.20, respectively. Reported inferential inconsistencies prevented reliable confirmation of statistical significance.\n\nConclusion: Integrated EST–UP was associated with favorable descriptive changes in executive difficulties and cognitive emotion regulation. Verified statistical analyses are required to establish comparative effectiveness.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Psychology and Education,Faculty of Humanities, Khatam University, Tehran, Iran."
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mahsa Khajooei"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Marzie Hashemi"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4p9y2mbc3n15w.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.61838/ijbmc.v13i11.1323",
  "fulltext_url": "https://ijbmc.org/index.php/ijbmc/article/view/1323",
  "id": "4p9y2mbc3n15w",
  "issns": [
    "2345-5802"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.61838/ijbmc.v13i11.1323",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "R5-920"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-01",
  "publisher": "Vesnu Publications",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4p9y2mbc3n15w.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T14:21:26Z",
      "native_id": "92e4206638e245c9bfae8314428d7ba0",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.61838/ijbmc.v13i11.1323"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "lcc:R5-920",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Integrated Emotional Schema Therapy and the Unified Protocol for Executive Functioning Difficulties and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Generalized Anxiety Disorder",
  "title_text": "Integrated Emotional Schema Therapy and the Unified Protocol for Executive Functioning Difficulties and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Generalized Anxiety Disorder",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T14:20:53Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4p9y2mbc3n15w",
  "venue": "International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture",
  "versions": []
}