{
  "abstract": "With the rapid development of aerospace technology and the large-scale deployment of low Earth orbit (LEO) constellations, the risk of orbital collisions has increased, creating a growing demand for reliable observations of satellite maneuvers. However, public datasets containing real maneuver records remain scarce. We present MAD-LEO, a Maneuver-Annotated orbital Dataset for LEO satellites. The mission-reported subset contains 1,134 maneuver events from eleven geodetic and altimetry satellites spanning 1992 to 2026, with labels taken directly from mission-published maneuver histories. Each event is checked against two-line element (TLE) data, precise orbit products, and satellite laser ranging (SLR) observations, with evidence tiers assigned according to data availability. The operational subset pairs operator-published ephemerides for 6,785 Starlink satellites with cataloged TLE records over a continuous 107-hour period. Technical validation across seven machine-readable experiment suites confirms the cross-source consistency of the labels and the evidence products.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.08556",
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Zhixin Guo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Qi Shi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xiaofan Xu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Linqiang Ge"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hua Zhu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Liyan Ben"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bendian Nie"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yuanrui Zhao"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xiaohan Li"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4pb6nv6gezbpp.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.08556",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "4pb6nv6gezbpp",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.08556",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-SA 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.EP"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.IM"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cs.DB"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2202|Space Satellite Systems and Control"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7212044717",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.08556",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-08",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4pb6nv6gezbpp.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:52Z",
      "native_id": "2609.08556",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.08556"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.IM",
      "subfield": "instrumentation-methods"
    },
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.EP",
      "subfield": "planetary"
    }
  ],
  "title": "MAD-LEO: A Maneuver-Annotated Orbital Dataset for LEO Satellites with Tiered Multi-Source Evidence",
  "title_text": "MAD-LEO: A Maneuver-Annotated Orbital Dataset for LEO Satellites with Tiered Multi-Source Evidence",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:52Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4pb6nv6gezbpp",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}