{
  "abstract": "The development of multifunctional electrodes capable of simultaneously harvesting solar energy and storing electrical charge is highly attractive for next-generation self-powered energy systems. Herein, we introduce a ternary MXene@PdTe₂@TiO₂ heterostructure as a multifunctional photo-electrochemical electrode, in which highly conductive MXene, broadband photoresponsive PdTe₂, and semiconducting TiO₂ are synergistically integrated to couple solar-energy harvesting with electrochemical charge storage. The distinctive ternary architecture promotes interfacial charge separation and transfer, facilitates ion diffusion, and accelerates faradaic reaction kinetics, enabling the construction of a photo-electrochemical hybrid asymmetric MXene@PdTe₂@TiO₂//PANI@AC supercapacitor. The resulting MXene@PdTe₂@TiO₂-electrode has a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16%, a high value of fill factor (FF) of 87%, and a maximum open-circuit voltage (V oc) of 0.74 V. The obtained values of Schottky barrier height and ideality factor (Φ = 0.35, and n = 1.22) also prove the positive charge transfer dynamics and minimum ionic recombination loss. The MXene@PdTe₂@TiO₂//PANI@AC hybrid device offered the highest specific charge (Q s) of 279 C g⁻¹, energy density of 45 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 2469.77 W kg⁻¹, and it has a high retention of 98.36% over 10 000 cycles, indicating its good long-term stability of operation under solar illumination because of effective photogenerated electrons by the PdTe₂-TiO₂ synergy. Collectively, these findings indicate that MXene@PdTe₂@TiO₂//PANI@AC is a high-performance photoelectrochemical electrode that couples solar energy harvesting with improved electrochemical charge storage, providing a potential platform for next-generation solar-assisted and photo-rechargeable hybrid energy storage technologies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P. O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia.",
    "Department of Physics, Riphah International University, Campus Lahore Islamabad Pakistan khalilsaba537@gmail.com amirafzal461@gmail.com."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Amjad A Almunyif",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6659-8517"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ahdab Khalid Althukair",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4075-4440"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Saba Khalil",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-3744-7613"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Amir Muhammad Afzal",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7943-2281"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4pkmjm1n8zyhc.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6ra05563j",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13643230",
  "id": "4pkmjm1n8zyhc",
  "issns": [
    "2046-2069"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42846094",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2504|Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220853148",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13643230?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13643230",
  "pmid": "42846094",
  "published": "2026-10-07",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4pkmjm1n8zyhc.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:02Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42846094",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42846094"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2504|Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A FTO/MXene@PdTe₂@TiO₂//PANI composite for the development of light-responsive electrodes for solar-integrated hybrid supercapacitors.",
  "title_text": "A FTO/MXene@PdTe₂@TiO₂//PANI composite for the development of light-responsive electrodes for solar-integrated hybrid supercapacitors.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:02Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4pkmjm1n8zyhc",
  "venue": "RSC advances",
  "versions": []
}