{
  "abstract": "The present study investigated the phytochemical composition, in vitro and in silico biological activities, and insecticidal properties of Ziziphus oenopolia (L) Mill. leaf extracts. The LC-MS profile of Ziziphus oenopolia leaves extract, which identified major phytochemical classes of fatty acids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. The GC-MS profile, including n-hexadecanoic acid, phytol, and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, which were predicted by PASS and ADMET profiling to exhibit strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and larvicidal activities. The hydroalcoholic extract demonstrated the highest biological efficacy across multiple assays. In vitro antioxidant evaluation revealed strong DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities with IC₅₀ values of 41.04 and 43.54 µg/mL, respectively. The extract also showed significant protein anti-denaturation effects against bovine serum albumin and egg albumin (IC₅₀ = 315.53 and 311.60 µg/mL), significant cytotoxicity (EC₅₀ = 173.92 µg/mL), and strong larvicidal activity (LC₅₀ = 126.09 µg/mL for Aedes aegypti and 136.01 µg/mL for Tribolium castaneum), all exhibiting dose-dependent inhibition. In silico molecular docking further supported these findings, revealing strong binding affinities of the phytoconstituents toward human peroxiredoxin 5 as an antioxidant target, COX-2 (PDB: 1PXX) as an anti-inflammatory target, EGFR (PDB: 2EB3) as an anticancer target, and juvenile hormone binding protein (PDB: 5V13) as a larvicidal target. Overall, Z. oenopolia may contribute to the development of natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents for mitigating oxidative stress-related and chronic inflammatory diseases.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Biochemistry, SRM Dental College, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.",
    "Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.",
    "Department of Zoology, Annai Vailankanni Arts and Science College, (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India.",
    "Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea.",
    "Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.",
    "National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan.",
    "Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.",
    "Department of Family Medicine, Zuoying Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.",
    "Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan."
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shunmuga Vadivu Ramalingam",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-2182-4292"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Vasthi Gnanarani Soloman",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6673-6657"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Senthil Bakthavatchalam"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Karnan Ramachandran",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-9521-4261"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Ramachandran Vinayagam",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3568-2358"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Zhi-Hong Wen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Chandramohan Govindasamy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Khalid M Almutairi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Yi-Hao Lo",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6586-8976"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4q44g2hfev2je.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0358577",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13722189",
  "id": "4q44g2hfev2je",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
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  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0358577",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Antioxidants"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Biochemistry"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Biology and Life Sciences"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
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    [
      "heading",
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      "heading",
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    [
      "heading",
      "Developmental Biology"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Larvae"
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    [
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      "Leaves"
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    [
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    [
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      "Physical Sciences"
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    [
      "heading",
      "Phytochemicals"
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    [
      "heading",
      "Phytochemistry"
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    [
      "heading",
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    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Plant Biochemistry"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Plant Science"
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    [
      "heading",
      "Protein Denaturation"
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    [
      "heading",
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    [
      "heading",
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    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Developmental biology/Life cycles/Larvae"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Molecular biology/Molecular biology techniques/Denaturation/Protein denaturation"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Plant science/Plant anatomy/Leaves"
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    [
      "plos",
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    [
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    [
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    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Chemistry/Chemical compounds/Phenols"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Physical sciences/Chemistry/Phytochemistry/Phytochemicals"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Molecular biology techniques/Denaturation/Protein denaturation"
    ]
  ],
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  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13722189?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13722189",
  "pmid": "42961863",
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4q44g2hfev2je.ris",
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "heading:Molecular Biology",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
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    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "heading:Developmental Biology",
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      "origin": "plos:toxicology",
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  ],
  "title": "Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity and larvicidal activities of Ziziphus oenopolia leaves: in vitro and in silico studies",
  "title_text": "Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity and larvicidal activities of Ziziphus oenopolia leaves: in vitro and in silico studies",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:22:44Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4q44g2hfev2je",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
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}