{
  "abstract": "This study presents a comprehensive biotechnological characterization of Salvia hispanica (chia) shoot cultures as a scalable source of antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds. Cultures were established in agar, agitated, and temporary-immersion systems (TIS, Plantform bioreactors), with phenylalanine (Phe) supplementation to enhance secondary metabolism. Agitated cultures with 3 mmol/L Phe showed the highest rosmarinic acid production (8621.77 mg/100 g DW), over 40-fold higher than control cultures. LC–Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis identified 127 metabolites, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, revealing significant shifts in phenolic biosynthesis upon Phe treatment. Bioreactor cultures achieved the highest biomass yield (8.43-fold increase) and elevated levels of vitamins C and E. Extracts obtained from agitated and bioreactor micorshoot cultures exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activity. The highest antibacterial activity was observed for extracts from agitated cultures supplemented with 3 mM Phe, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus , whereas extracts from bioreactor cultures generally showed lower antimicrobial activity. These findings demonstrate that combining precursor feeding, culture optimization, and metabolomics enables efficient production of rosmarinic acid-rich biomass with potential applications in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Sara Motyka-Pędrak"
    },
    {
      "name": "Barbara Kusznierewicz"
    },
    {
      "name": "Katarzyna Tomaś"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tania Mesa"
    },
    {
      "name": "Núria F. Bermejo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Izabela Korona-Głowniak"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sergi Munné-Bosch"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lucyna Pomierny-Chamioło"
    },
    {
      "name": "Agnieszka Szopa",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6351-4047"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4qf3xnqfnzd65.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-71665-1",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "4qf3xnqfnzd65",
  "issns": [
    "2045-2322"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-71665-1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Plant tissue culture and regeneration"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223056470",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-71665-1_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-20",
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4qf3xnqfnzd65.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:31Z",
      "native_id": "10.1038/s41598-026-71665-1",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-71665-1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Plant tissue culture and regeneration",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) shoot cultures as a scalable source of bioactive metabolites: from agar cultures to bioreactor systems",
  "title_text": "Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) shoot cultures as a scalable source of bioactive metabolites: from agar cultures to bioreactor systems",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:31Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4qf3xnqfnzd65",
  "venue": "Scientific Reports",
  "versions": []
}