{
  "abstract": "The development of a nuclear optical clock based on \\textsuperscript{229}Th is expected to influence the next generation of time and frequency standards. At its heart is the need for a continuous wave (CW) at laser at 148.4~nm to drive the clock transition between the ground and excited isomeric state. In this work we experimentally investigate the potential of BaMgF\\textsubscript{4} crystals to create a CW solid state laser at the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) wavelength of 148.4~nm via cavity-enhanced second harmonic generation. For this purpose, a BaMgF\\textsubscript{4} crystal was grown, optically polished and periodically poled. The crystal was inserted into a power-enhancement cavity, resonant at the fundamental wavelength of 296.8~nm and the generated laser light at 148.4~nm was characterized. Within this proof-of-concept investigation, a VUV output power of typically ($16\\pm1$)~pW is obtained. This marks the first time that this type of crystal is used to generate VUV laser light. The experimental findings are compared to theoretical expectations and provide a clear path for future improvements, which could have implications not only for compact laser sources in the VUV but also solid-state as well as single-ion based \\textsuperscript{229}Th nuclear clocks.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "Journal reference: Optica Vol. 13, Issue 10, pp. 2089-2095 (2026)",
  "arxiv": "2606.25046",
  "author_total": 25,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Keerthan Subramanian"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hiroki Tanaka"
    },
    {
      "name": "Simon J. Herr"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nutan Kumari Sah"
    },
    {
      "name": "Gaurav Jha"
    },
    {
      "name": "Florian Zacherl"
    },
    {
      "name": "Srinivasa Arasada Pradeep"
    },
    {
      "name": "Valerii Andriushkov"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ke Zhang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Darius Fenner"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yumiao Wang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Milena Hugenschmidt"
    },
    {
      "name": "Frank Kühnemann"
    },
    {
      "name": "Gaetano G. M. Bonetti"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shoichi Ui"
    },
    {
      "name": "Matthias Bickermann"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chenxi Ma"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xian Zheng"
    },
    {
      "name": "Michael Zopf"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bettina Lommel"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jan C. Müller"
    },
    {
      "name": "Stephan Hannig"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dmitry Budker"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ferdinand Schmidt-Kaler"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lars von der Wense"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4qh46xwk2hajm.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2606.25046",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "4qh46xwk2hajm",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.25046",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.optics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.25046",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-12",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4qh46xwk2hajm.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:29:06Z",
      "native_id": "2606.25046",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.25046"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.optics",
      "subfield": "optics-photonics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Generation of continuous-wave laser light at 148.4 nm using cavity-enhanced second harmonic generation in $BaMgF_4$",
  "title_text": "Generation of continuous-wave laser light at 148.4 nm using cavity-enhanced second harmonic generation in BaMgF_4",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:29:06Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4qh46xwk2hajm",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": [
    {
      "doi": "10.1364/optica.609757",
      "pid": null,
      "relation": "published-as",
      "title": null,
      "venue": null
    }
  ]
}