{
  "abstract": "Introduction: Compound distal third tibial fractures are difficult to manage because of limited soft-tissue coverage and injury to local biology. This study examined whether routinely recorded patient and fracture characteristics were associated with functional recovery after primary Ilizarov external fixation. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational secondary analysis included 30 consecutive skeletally mature patients treated at a tertiary center in central India between April 2024 and October 2025. The primary outcome was the final ASAMI outcome category; the 9-month American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, frame duration, and recorded complications were secondary outcomes. Univariable associations were examined using correlation and group-comparison tests. Results: The cohort comprised 29 men and 1 woman, with a mean age of 40.8 ± 13.6 years (range, 19–60). Gustilo–Anderson Grades II, IIIA, and IIIB accounted for 8, 15, and 7 cases, respectively; Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) types 42 and 43 accounted for 20 and 10 cases. Final ASAMI outcomes were excellent in 7 patients (23.3%), good in 21 (70.0%), and fair in 2 (6.7%); no poor outcomes were recorded. The mean final AOFAS score was 84.9 ± 9.6, and the mean frame duration was 121.5 ± 16.1 days. Five patients (16.7%) had a recorded superficial pin-site complication. ASAMI outcome was not significantly associated with compound grade (P = 0.890), AO/OTA type (P = 0.526), or mechanism of injury (P = 0.821). AOFAS score was not significantly associated with age, mechanism, AO/OTA type, compound grade, frame duration, or recorded pin-site complication. Compound grade was associated with frame duration (P = 0.030). Conclusion: Most patients had good-to-excellent recorded ASAMI outcomes. No statistically significant associations were detected between the tested baseline characteristics and ASAMI category; however, the small sample and sparse outcome cells limit inference. Larger, adequately powered studies with prespecified analyses are required.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Orthopaedics, Gandhi Medical College and Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shubham Singh Rawat",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-6521-997X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Vishal Kumar Choudhary"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Abhishek Chauhan"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4svt3k0p78e67.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i11.8548",
  "fulltext_url": "https://jocr.co.in/wp/2026/11/predictors-of-functional-recovery-following-primary-ilizarov-external-fixation-in-compound-distal-third-tibial-fractures/",
  "id": "4svt3k0p78e67",
  "issns": [
    "2250-0685",
    "2321-3817"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i11.8548",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "RC925-935"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "RD701-811"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2732|Bone fractures and treatments"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7225600402",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13741022?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13741022",
  "pmid": "42997220",
  "published": "2026-11-01",
  "publisher": "Indian Orthopaedic Research Group",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4svt3k0p78e67.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T14:21:35Z",
      "native_id": "0dbd69d8cd034400917fafa2c214b31f",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2026.v16.i11.8548"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T15:20:34Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42997220",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42997220"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2732|Bone fractures and treatments",
      "subfield": "surgery"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Predictors of Functional Recovery Following Primary Ilizarov External Fixation in Compound Distal Third Tibial Fractures",
  "title_text": "Predictors of Functional Recovery Following Primary Ilizarov External Fixation in Compound Distal Third Tibial Fractures",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T15:20:34Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4svt3k0p78e67",
  "venue": "Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports",
  "versions": []
}