{
  "abstract": "Background: Parents’ perceptions, information sources, and household vaccination practices influence routine childhood immunization and may also shape responses to newer vaccines. We conducted an updated Saudi survey using an adapted instrument and included a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine module to assess self-reported awareness and recommendation intention.\n\nMethods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among parents in Saudi Arabia from June to July 2025. The Arabic questionnaire covered vaccination awareness and perceptions, information sources, parent-reported practices and experiences, with two HPV-specific items. Descriptive analyses used chi-square/Fisher’s exact tests. Multivariable binary logistic regression examined factors associated with HPV vaccine awareness, and an exploratory multinomial logistic regression examined HPV vaccine recommendation intention.\n\nResults: A total of 513 parents were included. Self-reported general vaccine awareness was 96.9%. Routine vaccination uptake was 98.8%, and 90.6% reported completing recommended vaccinations. Awareness of national immunization programs was 57.9%, and 61.4% reported satisfaction with vaccination information in the media; 71.7% did not believe vaccination is harmful. Health workers were the most frequently selected source of vaccination information (60.0%). HPV vaccine awareness was 68.6%, and 52.4% would recommend HPV vaccination for their child, while 19.1% selected “I do not know.” In adjusted analysis, HPV vaccine awareness was higher among females (aOR 1.87; 95% CI 1.23–2.86), among parents in all other regions compared with the Southern region (aORs 2.02–3.38), among those reporting problems during vaccination (aOR 2.82; 95% CI 1.76–4.51), and among those expressing either a harmful or non-harmful view of vaccination compared with “I do not know.” In the exploratory multinomial analysis, HPV vaccine awareness was associated with a lower relative likelihood of responding “I do not know” rather than “Yes” to HPV vaccine recommendation intention (aRRR 0.07; 95% CI 0.04–0.13).\n\nConclusion: Routine childhood immunization was strongly established, while HPV awareness and recommendation intention were less uniform, with a sizable undecided group. Findings support stronger provider communication and credible public messaging, particularly for lower-awareness regions and uncertain parents.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University",
    "Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University",
    "College of Pharmacy, Jazan University"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ayesha Yasmeen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mamoon H. Syed"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Amani Khardali"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Moaddey Alfarhan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hilal A. Thaibah"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hadi A. Almansour"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Saeed A. Al-Qahtani"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Yasir M. Khawaji"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Sultan A. Qadiri"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Abdulelah I. Faqihi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jaber D. Hallush"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ali H. Alhazmi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Thamir M. Alshammari"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4t121sa4t0jn7.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2026.1992535",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13736608/",
  "id": "4t121sa4t0jn7",
  "issns": [
    "2296-2565"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1992535/full",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3306|Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223186600",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1992535/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13736608",
  "pmid": "42991205",
  "published": "2026-10-22",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4t121sa4t0jn7.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:24Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fpubh.2026.1992535",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1992535/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T12:22:01Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13736608",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1992535"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "issn:2296-2565",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Parental perceptions, information sources, and practices related to childhood immunization and HPV vaccine awareness in Saudi Arabia: an observational study",
  "title_text": "Parental perceptions, information sources, and practices related to childhood immunization and HPV vaccine awareness in Saudi Arabia: an observational study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T12:22:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4t121sa4t0jn7",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Public Health",
  "versions": []
}