{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nThis study seeks to characterize and compare the professionalism standards of neurosurgical societies from around the world and identify key elements common to ideas of neurosurgical professionalism internationally.Methods\n\nThis is a narrative review of neurosurgical organizations selected based on size of membership, and size or representative diversity of region served. Societies with publicly-available documents in English were preferred. Organizational documents, including governing documents and explicit professionalism/conduct standards, were reviewed. Identifiable professionalism standards were compared for scope, content, and enforceability, and common elements across societies were abstracted.Results\n\nFifteen societies were included, comprising one global society, five continental societies, and nine national societies. Ten organizations had some form of explicit professionalism standards, of which seven were dedicated, free-standing documents. Dedicated codes of conduct were more common in Western societies. Among these, seven common themes were identified: disruptive behavior, harassment, discrimination, business/ legal activity, scientific/academic integrity, substance abuse and impairment, and social media use.Conclusion\n\nProfessionalism is a critical aspect of modern neurosurgery, and has long-reaching effects on patient care and career success. In an era of unprecedented global connection, universal standards of professionalism are critical to the continued growth and success of our community.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, United States."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "John Paul G Kolcun"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sepehr Sani"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Stephan A Munich"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Vincent C Traynelis"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "John E O'Toole"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ricardo B V Fontes"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4t3echtz22b4x.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.25259/sni_759_2026",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13726855",
  "id": "4t3echtz22b4x",
  "issns": [
    "2229-5097",
    "2152-7806"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42974542",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-SA",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-SA",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Review Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2739|Innovations in Medical Education"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7215115293",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13726855?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13726855",
  "pmid": "42974542",
  "published": "2026-10-02",
  "publisher": "Scientific Scholar",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4t3echtz22b4x.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T15:20:49Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42974542",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42974542"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-05T12:23:05Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13726855",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.25259/sni_759_2026"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2739|Innovations in Medical Education",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "A narrative review of international professionalism standards in neurosurgery.",
  "title_text": "A narrative review of international professionalism standards in neurosurgery.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T12:23:05Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4t3echtz22b4x",
  "venue": "Surgical neurology international",
  "versions": []
}