{
  "abstract": "Herein, we report a bio-assisted aqueous synthesis of single-crystalline, anisotropic bismuth (Bi⁰) nanoplates using starch as a dual reductant/kinetic regulator and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as a facet-selective capping agent. Powder XRD confirms the formation of rhombohedral elemental bismuth (JCPDS Card No. 44-1246) with no detectable crystalline impurity phases. Systematic evaluation of synthesis parameters reveals a surface-energy-driven growth mechanism governed by a kinetic and capping interplay. Lower starch concentrations produce predominantly quasi-spherical nanoparticles (∼80 nm) alongside minor polyhedral structures, whereas higher starch feeds favor the formation of uniform hexagonal nanoplates with lateral diagonal dimensions of 145-240 nm. Concurrently, lower PVP feeds result in mixed morphologies containing irregular nanoplates (∼115 nm), whereas increasing the PVP feed promotes effective facet passivation, increasing the prevalence of uniform hexagonal nanoplates (120-145 nm). Time-dependent observations show an initial stage at 2 h consisting of a mixed morphology (∼145 nm) that progresses beyond 2 h into predominantly uniform hexagonal nanoplates (∼200 nm), exhibiting a visibly increased thickness plates at 24 h consistent with Ostwald ripening coupled with facet-selective capping. This structural transition induces a prominent bathochromic shift in the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) from 410 nm to ∼600 nm, driven by 2D shape anisotropy and in-plane dipolar modes. Spectroscopic (FTIR) and thermal (TGA) characterizations confirm dual-polymer surface stabilization, where starch binds via hydroxyl hydrogen bonding (redshifted from 3380 cm⁻¹ to 3290 cm⁻¹) and PVP undergoes physical adsorption (1655 cm⁻¹ C[double bond, length as m-dash]O stretch), imparting high aqueous dispersion stability (-50 mV zeta potential). This study provides quantitative mechanistic insights into the green, shape-controlled synthesis of functional bismuth nanostructures for potential optoelectronic, thermoelectric, and photothermal applications.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Chemistry Discipline, Khulna University Khulna-9208 Bangladesh mahiuddin@chem.ku.ac.bd.",
    "Department of Applied Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University Yonezawa Yamagata 992-8510 Japan ochiai@yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Md Mahiuddin",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1195-9159"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Prianka Saha"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Bungo Ochiai",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4376-8875"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4tr2kpe8rfnpb.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6ra08893g",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13718629/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "4tr2kpe8rfnpb",
  "issns": [
    "2046-2069"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13718629",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Chemistry"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2504|Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224252380",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13718629/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13718629",
  "pmid": "42960210",
  "published": "2026-10-29",
  "publisher": "Royal Society of Chemistry",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4tr2kpe8rfnpb.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:37Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13718629",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13718629"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T00:20:50Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42960210",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42960210"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-02T12:22:37Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13718629",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra08893g"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2504|Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Starch-concentration-controlled growth of anisotropic bismuth nanoplates: a facile and bio-assisted aqueous route to morphology-tuned optical response",
  "title_text": "Starch-concentration-controlled growth of anisotropic bismuth nanoplates: a facile and bio-assisted aqueous route to morphology-tuned optical response",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T12:22:37Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4tr2kpe8rfnpb",
  "venue": "RSC advances",
  "versions": []
}