{
  "abstract": "Drug-eluting bead bronchial artery chemoembolization (DEB-BACE) has been investigated as a locoregional salvage treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It may be considered for treatment-refractory or symptomatic central tumors. We retrospectively describe case of three patients with centrally located, treatment-refractory NSCLC who underwent DEB-BACE. All three subsequently expectorated soft-tissue material. Clinical features, procedures, imaging, pathology, and outcomes were reviewed. Potential bronchial and non-bronchial systemic tumor-feeding arteries were assessed using contrast-enhanced computed tomography and selective digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Lobaplatin was infused intra-arterially. Embolization was then performed with 300 to 500 μm epirubicin-loaded Bead microspheres. The procedural endpoint was marked reduction of tumor blush with stasis or near-stasis. One patient had SMARCA4-deficient NSCLC. Two had squamous cell carcinoma. Soft-tissue expectoration occurred 3 days to 2 weeks after DEB-BACE. Histopathology confirmed carcinoma with extensive necrosis in Cases 1 and 2. Pathological confirmation was unavailable in Case 3. Case 1 achieved a durable partial response during repeated DEB-BACE and continued sintilimab treatment. The tumor decreased from 94 mm × 55 mm to 22 mm × 14 mm at 13 months and remained stable at 29 months. Case 2 developed tumor expectoration 3 days after treatment. Bronchial patency was subsequently restored. The patient died 10 months after diagnosis. Case 3 developed recurrent hemoptysis and underwent emergency hemostatic bronchial artery embolization. The patient subsequently expectorated a soft-tissue mass and died from progressive pulmonary infection 14 months after diagnosis. Tumor expectoration may represent treatment-associated necrosis after DEB-BACE. Careful assessment of vascular anatomy, bleeding risk, infection, and non-target embolization risk is essential.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.",
    "Department of Interventional Radiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.",
    "Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China."
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yi Deng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Yanqing Le"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jing Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Rongde Xu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Wei Cui"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4txkcd85y00kr.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.21037/qims-2026-1506",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13743349",
  "id": "4txkcd85y00kr",
  "issns": [
    "2223-4292",
    "2223-4306"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42999538",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2740|Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223211146",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13743349?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13743349",
  "pmid": "42999538",
  "published": "2026-10-15",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4txkcd85y00kr.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T15:20:41Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42999538",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42999538"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:2741|Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications",
      "subfield": "imaging"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Tumor expectoration following drug-eluting bead bronchial artery chemoembolization for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.",
  "title_text": "Tumor expectoration following drug-eluting bead bronchial artery chemoembolization for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T15:20:41Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4txkcd85y00kr",
  "venue": "Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery",
  "versions": []
}