{
  "abstract": "Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health priority and vaccines targeting populations with prior Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) exposure are predicted to most rapidly impact epidemic control. Paradoxically, while efficacy trials are primarily targeting previously Mtb-exposed populations, preclinical testing largely relies on Mtb-naïve animal models. We introduce two post-exposure models, a murine reinfection model and a previously unreported guinea pig reactivation model, and evaluate the efficacy of the adjuvanted protein subunit vaccine H107/CAF®01 compared to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Consistent with clinical and human population data, we demonstrate that BCG fails to confer significant protection in these post-Mtb-exposed settings. In contrast, H107/CAF®01 imprints distinct Th17 responses and provides robust and consistent protection, reducing both the bacterial burden and infection-associated tissue pathology. These findings support the development of H107 as a vaccine candidate in previously Mtb-exposed and infected populations and underscores the importance of evaluating TB vaccines in animal models that reflect prior exposure.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Center for Vaccine Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark",
    "Novo Nordisk Foundation Initiative for Vaccines and Immunity, NIVI Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark",
    "Countermeasure Development, Evaluation and Preparedness (CDEP), United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Porton Down, Salisbury, UK"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Joshua S. Woodworth"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Claus Aagaard"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Francisco J. Salguero"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Laura Hunter"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Thomas Lindenstrøm"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Simon Clark"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Rasmus Mortensen"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4vj1pe6pckf92.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41541-026-01509-6",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13724745/",
  "id": "4vj1pe6pckf92",
  "issns": [
    "2059-0105"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-026-01509-6",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2725|Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7167589855",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-026-01509-6_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13724745",
  "pmid": "42414329",
  "published": "2026-07-08",
  "publisher": "Nature Publishing Group",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4vj1pe6pckf92.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:23:16Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13724745",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-026-01509-6"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2725|Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology",
      "subfield": "infectious-disease"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Post-exposure vaccination with an adjuvanted protein subunit vaccine, but not BCG, protects mice and guinea pigs against M. tuberculosis",
  "title_text": "Post-exposure vaccination with an adjuvanted protein subunit vaccine, but not BCG, protects mice and guinea pigs against M. tuberculosis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T12:21:09Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4vj1pe6pckf92",
  "venue": "NPJ Vaccines",
  "versions": []
}