{
  "abstract": "Background/objectives\n\nClinical studies have shown that patients who had sepsis with COVID-19 infection had worse clinical outcomes; however, there is a paucity of data on the association between concurrent COVID-19 infection and outcomes among patients with sepsis. Hence, we conducted a retrospective cohort study using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2020 through 2022 to evaluate the association between concurrent COVID-19 infection and outcomes among patients with sepsis.Methods\n\nAdult hospitalizations with sepsis were identified using ICD-10-CM codes; hospitalizations with septic shock were excluded, and the remaining cohort was stratified by concurrent COVID-19 infection status. Survey-weighted multivariate regression analysis was performed.Results\n\nPatients with sepsis with concurrent COVID-19 infection had worse outcomes with higher mortality rate (15.6% vs. 5.4%; aOR 3.70; 95% CI 3.62-3.79), higher need for invasive ventilation (13.1% vs. 6.5%) and NIV (non-invasive ventilation) (10.2% vs. 4.9%), higher incidence of acute kidney injury (37.6% vs. 36.7%), acute respiratory failure (57.5% vs. 20.3%), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (0.4% vs. 0.3%), cardiac arrest (3.1% vs. 1.5%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (7.9% vs. 0.4%), higher need for renal replacement therapy (4.9% vs. 4.5%), tracheostomy (1.6% vs. 0.6%), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (0.2% vs. 0.04%), longer length of hospital stay (10.3 days vs. 7.6 days), and higher total charges ($127,632 vs. $93,735, respectively).Conclusions\n\nThe results demonstrate that COVID-19 infection was independently associated with worse clinical outcomes among those hospitalized with sepsis. These results underscore the need for early recognition, aggressive treatment, and targeted therapy in this high-risk clinical group.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Medicine, Woodhull Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11206, USA.",
    "Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kansas Hospital, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.",
    "Department of Medicine, Stamford Hospital, Stamford, CT 06902, USA.",
    "Department of Medicine, Southcoast Health, New Bedford, MA 02740, USA.",
    "Department of Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore 560041, India.",
    "Department of Medicine, Hospital Sisters Health System Medical Group, Springfield, IL 62711, USA.",
    "Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.",
    "Department of Neurology, Banner University Medical Center, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Antony Arumairaj",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3824-1657"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Dili Dhanani",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-1365-1963"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Fatema Ali Asgar Tashrifwala",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7537-9719"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Anuradha Shunmugam Veluswamy",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-8474-3579"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Aniroodh Venugopalan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Radhika Annam"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Poojaben Dhorajiya",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-8331-4088"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Vimala Sravanthi Vajjala"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4vrk652x6xx89.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/idr18050118",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13704002",
  "id": "4vrk652x6xx89",
  "issns": [
    "2036-7430",
    "2036-7449"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42930509",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2713|Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221330652",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13704002?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13704002",
  "pmid": "42930509",
  "published": "2026-10-10",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4vrk652x6xx89.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42930509",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42930509"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2713|Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Clinical Outcomes and Hospital Resource Utilization Among Patients with Sepsis and COVID-19 Infection: Insights from the United States National Inpatient Sample Analysis, 2020-2022.",
  "title_text": "Clinical Outcomes and Hospital Resource Utilization Among Patients with Sepsis and COVID-19 Infection: Insights from the United States National Inpatient Sample Analysis, 2020-2022.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4vrk652x6xx89",
  "venue": "Infectious disease reports",
  "versions": []
}