{
  "abstract": "Staphylococcus aureus persistently colonises the nasal tissue (NT) of a significant proportion of the population. The long-lasting impact that asymptomatic S. aureus exposure has on immune memory at colonised barrier sites is incompletely understood, potentially impacting vaccine responsiveness in a pre-exposed population. Tissue resident memory (TRM) cells are long-lived T-cells which remain poised at barrier sites for localised reactivation following antigen exposure. This study demonstrates an increase in NT CD4+ and {gamma}{delta}+ TRM cells in response to S. aureus colonisation, which undergo expansion and IL-17 production upon secondary S. aureus exposure. Interestingly, these cells were also capable of non-specific reactivation, with IL-17+ TRM cells in S. aureus colonised mice enhancing protection against K. pneumoniae infection. Ex-vivo data suggest that non-specific CD4+ TRM cell re-activation is pro-inflammatory cytokine dependent, but antigen independent. Overall, these findings demonstrate that S. aureus nasal colonisation shapes long-lasting TRM cell responses in the NT, which have the potential for non-specific bystander reactivation during subsequent heterologous infection.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland."
  ],
  "article_type": "New results",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "C. M. Daly"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. C. Cahill"
    },
    {
      "name": "C. M. Leane"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. R. Carlile"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. M. Kelly"
    },
    {
      "name": "J. M. Mannion"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "R. M. McLoughlin"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4w9t8pbt94nz9.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.08.31.747503",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.31.747503v1.full",
  "id": "4w9t8pbt94nz9",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.31.747503v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "biorxiv",
      "immunology"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2403|T-cell and B-cell Immunology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7208732765",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.31.747503v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-08-31",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4w9t8pbt94nz9.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:23Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.08.31.747503",
      "source": "biorxiv",
      "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.08.31.747503v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "biorxiv:immunology",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "IL-17 producing tissue-resident memory T-cells expanded during Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonisation provide heterologous immune protection.",
  "title_text": "IL-17 producing tissue-resident memory T-cells expanded during Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonisation provide heterologous immune protection.",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:23Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4w9t8pbt94nz9",
  "venue": "bioRxiv",
  "versions": []
}