{
  "abstract": "Intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) mediate molecular interactions but can also promote aberrant self-association. Using donors embedded within IDR-coding sequences, exitron-type splicing can remove these sequences, giving them both protein-coding and splice-regulatory roles. Yet IDR amino-acid sequences often diverge rapidly, raising the question of whether and how their coding sequences support IDR-removing splicing across species. Using RNA-seq data from jawed vertebrates, we identified events predicted to remove most of an IDR while preserving annotated structured regions. Across species, donor-flanking nucleotide identity exceeded expectations from synonymous alternatives encoding the same amino-acid sequence. TARDBP, which encodes TDP-43, provided a model for examining how coding sequences both encode IDRs and regulate exitron-type splicing. Sequence-divergent vertebrate TARDBP terminal regions supported this splicing in human cells. In teleosts, TARDBP ohnologs (tardbpa and tardbpb) encoded compositionally similar disordered tails but differed markedly in IDR-removing exitron-type splicing. Reciprocal donor-proximal substitutions in zebrafish minigenes redirected donor choice and altered the balance between IDR-retaining and IDR-removing transcripts. In corresponding reporters, these substitutions altered protein-product balance and cytoplasmic puncta formation. These findings show that IDR-removing exitron-type splicing can recur despite sequence divergence and that donor-proximal TARDBP sequences both encode IDR segments and regulate IDR inclusion, linking RNA processing to protein behavior.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Niigata University"
  ],
  "article_type": "New results",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "T. Yamagishi"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Koide"
    },
    {
      "name": "G. Toyama"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Washida"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Okawara"
    },
    {
      "name": "K. Yoshida"
    },
    {
      "name": "O. Onodera"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "A. Sugai"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4wdz89vhqzhey.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.10.06.756961",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.06.756961v1.full",
  "id": "4wdz89vhqzhey",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.06.756961v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "biorxiv",
      "molecular biology"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|RNA Research and Splicing"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220845439",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.06.756961v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-06",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4wdz89vhqzhey.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:26:21Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.10.06.756961",
      "source": "biorxiv",
      "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.06.756961v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "biorxiv:molecular biology",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Exitron-type splicing of intrinsically disordered regions recurs across jawed vertebrates despite sequence divergence: donor-proximal cis control in TARDBP",
  "title_text": "Exitron-type splicing of intrinsically disordered regions recurs across jawed vertebrates despite sequence divergence: donor-proximal cis control in TARDBP",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:26:21Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4wdz89vhqzhey",
  "venue": "bioRxiv",
  "versions": []
}