{
  "abstract": "Background: This exploratory study assessed whether qualitative dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) time–intensity curves (TICs) differentiate non-progressive treatment-related changes (NPTRC) from tumor progression after stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases. Methods: Thirty-two patients with 51 treated lesions underwent DCE-MRI. Five neuroradiologists independently delineated a volume of interest and classified the resulting TIC as Type A–D. Longitudinal clinical and MRI follow-up provided the reference outcome, which was recorded before the TIC framework was finalized. An A/B versus C/D grouping was evaluated as a secondary exploratory analysis. Results: Thirty-five lesions were classified as NPTRC and 16 as tumor progression. All 17 Type A lesions were NPTRC, whereas all 13 Type C/D lesions showed progression. Type B was observed in 21 of 51 lesions (41.2%), including 18 NPTRC and 3 progressive lesions, representing a substantial indeterminate subgroup. The exploratory A/B versus C/D grouping yielded 81.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The ordinal TIC analysis yielded an AUC of 0.952. Interobserver agreement was high within the present reader group (Fleiss’ κ = 0.889). Conclusions: Type A was associated with NPTRC, Types C/D were associated with progression, and Type B represented an indeterminate pattern. These descriptive findings require independent validation before clinical use.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs—NESMOS, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy",
    "Neuroradiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant’Andrea, 00189 Rome, Italy",
    "Neuroradiology Department, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo-Forlanini, 00152 Rome, Italy",
    "Radiotherapy Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant’Andrea, 00189 Rome, Italy",
    "Local Sanitary Hospital Rome 5, 00019 Tivoli, Italy",
    "Radiology Department, G.B. Grassi, 00192 Ostia, Italy",
    "Radiotherapy Department, Campus Bio Medico University Hospital, 00128 Rome, Italy",
    "Campus Bio Medico University Hospital, 00128 Rome, Italy"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 11,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Andrea Romano",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0254-9665"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Giulia Moltoni"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Anna Maria Ascolese"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Emanuela Parri"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Cristiana Monopoli"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Paolo Matteucci"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Carlo Greco"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Lucrezia Toppi",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7029-2692"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Sara Reina"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Sara Ramella"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Alessandro Bozzao",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8865-0723"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4wm9sne4jgfbv.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/cancers18203344",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13702285/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "4wm9sne4jgfbv",
  "issns": [
    "2072-6694"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/18/20/3344",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2740|Brain Metastases and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220924106",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13702285/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13702285",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4wm9sne4jgfbv.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:58Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/cancers18203344",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/18/20/3344"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:31Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13702285",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13702285"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "issn:2072-6694",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Qualitative Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI Time–Intensity Curve Analysis for Differentiating Non-Progressive Treatment-Related Changes from Tumor Progression After Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases",
  "title_text": "Qualitative Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI Time–Intensity Curve Analysis for Differentiating Non-Progressive Treatment-Related Changes from Tumor Progression After Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:31Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4wm9sne4jgfbv",
  "venue": "Cancers",
  "versions": []
}