{
  "abstract": "Organic solar cells have reached record efficiencies with non-fullerene acceptors, yet their translation to industrial printing remains a critical bottleneck. Here we report the highest efficiency achieved for a fully roll-to-roll-compatible gravure-printed non-fullerene organic solar cell. High-performance blends are typically optimised under laboratory coating conditions, while roll-to-roll manufacturing imposes fundamentally different constraints on ink stability, drying dynamics, and multilayer integration. Whether these constraints intrinsically limit device physics has remained unresolved. Here, we demonstrate a gravure-printed PM6:Y12 solar cell architecture using commercially available materials and establish a quantitative framework that disentangles optical, recombination, and transport losses in printed devices. We find that gravure printing and non-halogenated solvents largely preserve active-layer absorption and efficient exciton harvesting. The dominant efficiency penalties arise instead from optical interference within the printed layer stack and slow charge transport. Our results show that the performance gap between laboratory and printed solar cells is governed primarily by device architecture, printed interfaces, and charge-transport limitations, providing a mechanistic roadmap for roll-to-roll manufacturing of non-fullerene solar cells.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "aInstitute for Print and Media Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany.",
    "bInstitute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany.",
    "cInstitute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.",
    "bInstitute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany.dCenter for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany.",
    "eDepartment of Engineering, Durham University, Lower Mount Joy, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.",
    "cInstitute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.fHelmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), 91058 Erlangen, Germany."
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 16,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Svitlana Taranenko",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3047-252X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Chen Wang",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-2150-6540"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "David Holzner",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-6859-1462"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Robert Eland"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Christopher Wöpke",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7478-2143"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Toni Seiler"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Paul Weitz",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2259-6736"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Alexander Ehm",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9323-5479"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Fabio Le Piane",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4789-3315"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Roderick C. I. Mackenzie",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8833-2872"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Dietrich R. T. Zahn",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8455-4582"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Thomas Heumüller",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6974-410X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Christoph J. Brabec",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9440-0253"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Carsten Deibel",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3061-7234"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Arved Carl Hübler",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8108-2682"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Maria Saladina",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8499-4767"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4x88ygma9rkd0.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6el00051g",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pubs.rsc.org/el/article-pdf/2/5/1163/13702448/d6el00051g.pdf",
  "id": "4x88ygma9rkd0",
  "issns": [
    "3033-4063"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6el00051g",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "QC1-999"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "TJ807-830"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2208|Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7134860061",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2603.06827",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-08-01",
  "publisher": "The Royal Society of Chemistry",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4x88ygma9rkd0.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T14:21:11Z",
      "native_id": "23778e73bb844f219ef338def236bfa8",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6el00051g"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "lcc:QC1-999",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Bridging the lab-to-fab gap in non-fullerene organic solar cells via gravure printing",
  "title_text": "Bridging the lab-to-fab gap in non-fullerene organic solar cells via gravure printing",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T14:21:11Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4x88ygma9rkd0",
  "venue": "EES Solar",
  "versions": []
}