{
  "abstract": "Lactating women often need medication, contrast-enhanced or nuclear imaging, or treatment for infection, and each raises the question of whether breastfeeding can continue. Advice is frequently binary, and in some settings interruption may be recommended more readily than the evidence warrants. This narrative review proposes that breastfeeding interruption be managed as a clinical decision with three linked components: whether interruption is necessary, its minimum necessary duration and the criterion for resumption. We distinguish the hazard of an agent, the infant’s actual exposure and the resulting clinical risk, and apply a common sequence of questions to maternal pharmacotherapy, contrast media, radiopharmaceuticals and selected maternal infections, using pharmacokinetic, dosimetric or transmission measures. The evidence base remains limited and heterogeneous: in a major lactation database, 54% of listed medications had no breastfeeding safety data, and no direct measurement of contrast-media absorption in breastfed infants was identified. The proposed framework grades management across five levels, from unrestricted breastfeeding to avoidance or definitive cessation; whether a restriction is temporary or definitive follows the applicable guidance, and resumption criteria are defined at the outset. This conceptual aid is not a validated decision rule, does not replace agent-, procedure-, radionuclide- or pathogen-specific guidance and requires prospective evaluation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania",
    "Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cuza Voda Hospital, 700038 Iasi, Romania"
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Antoneta Dacia Petroaie",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1239-8058"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Alexandru Carauleanu",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9112-7039"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Iustina Petra Solomon Condriuc"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Eric Oliviu Cosovanu",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-1766-8060"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Elena Teona Cosovanu",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-5166-1970"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Oana Raluca Temneanu",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-2791-5165"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ana Maria Slanina"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Elena Popa",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2207-5129"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Adorata Elena Coman"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4xgkc89prmzaa.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/jcm15208148",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13706221/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "4xgkc89prmzaa",
  "issns": [
    "2077-0383"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/20/8148",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2713|Breastfeeding Practices and Influences"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223022400",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13706221/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13706221",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4xgkc89prmzaa.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:01Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/jcm15208148",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/15/20/8148"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:25Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13706221",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13706221"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2713|Breastfeeding Practices and Influences",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Breastfeeding Interruption and Resumption: A Risk-Based Clinical Decision Framework",
  "title_text": "Breastfeeding Interruption and Resumption: A Risk-Based Clinical Decision Framework",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:25Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4xgkc89prmzaa",
  "venue": "Journal of Clinical Medicine",
  "versions": []
}