{
  "abstract": "Background: Myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (MIRI) contributes to adverse outcomes after acute myocardial infarction. Microvascular obstruction (MVO), a key component of MIRI, impairs myocardial perfusion despite successful epicardial revascularization. This study aimed to establish a reproducible large-animal model of embolization-induced MVO and evaluate myocardial perfusion heterogeneity using dual-source CT myocardial perfusion imaging (DSCT-MPI).\n\nMethods: Eight male Saanen goats underwent 30 min of left circumflex artery occlusion followed by distal microcatheter injection of 20- μ m polystyrene microspheres to induce reperfusion-associated MVO. DSCT-MPI was performed immediately after model establishment, with myocardial perfusion assessed by iodine distribution. Pathology was evaluated using triphenyltetrazolium chloride and hematoxylin–eosin staining, and Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 were quantified. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the iodine concentration threshold for infarcted myocardium.\n\nResults: Seven of eight goats survived and underwent DSCT-MPI. Of 119 myocardial segments, 39 were infarcted, 14 were non-infarcted hypoperfused segments consistent with distal MVO, and 66 were normal. Binary ROC and diagnostic-performance analyses included the 39 infarcted and 66 normal segments, excluding the 14 MVO-consistent segments. At an iodine concentration cutoff of 1,582 μg/cm ³ , DSCT-MPI achieved 89.7% sensitivity, 90.9% specificity, and an AUC of 0.848 (95% CI, 0.736–0.959), with substantial histopathological agreement ( κ = 0.798). Infarcted myocardium showed reduced Bcl-2 and increased Bax and caspase-3 expression. The 14 hypoperfused segments without TTC-confirmed necrosis were classified as MVO-consistent rather than CMD.\n\nConclusions: A minimally invasive, reproducible goat model of embolization-induced myocardial reperfusion injury was established. DSCT-MPI identified infarcted myocardium and non-infarcted hypoperfused regions consistent with distal MVO, demonstrating post-reperfusion perfusion heterogeneity without supporting CMD. Because no direct CMR comparison was performed, these findings should be considered exploratory pathology-based validation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Cardiology, Baotou Central Hospital",
    "Department of Radiology, Baotou Central Hospital"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hui Jin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Chaowei Duan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiaolin Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yaojun Lu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xiaolin Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Meng Li"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4y4mmxxf682ff.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fcvm.2026.1809725",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13713717",
  "id": "4y4mmxxf682ff",
  "issns": [
    "2297-055X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2026.1809725/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2741|Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221809346",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cardiovascular-medicine/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2026.1809725/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13713717",
  "pmid": "42953078",
  "published": "2026-10-14",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4y4mmxxf682ff.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:10Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fcvm.2026.1809725",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2026.1809725/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:41Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42953078",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42953078"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:24:13Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13713717",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2026.1809725"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2741|Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics",
      "subfield": "imaging"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Assessment of myocardial perfusion using dual-source computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging in a goat model of reperfusion injury induced by distal microembolization",
  "title_text": "Assessment of myocardial perfusion using dual-source computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging in a goat model of reperfusion injury induced by distal microembolization",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T12:21:20Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4y4mmxxf682ff",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine",
  "versions": []
}