{
  "abstract": "BaZr$_{0.4}$Ce$_{0.4}$Y$_{0.1}$Yb$_{0.1}$O$_{2.9}$ (BZCYYb4411), a promising proton-conducting electrolyte, requires high sintering temperatures, typically 1600 degrees C, to be densified to acceptable relative densities, greater than 90 %. This study explores three sintering strategies to reduce the sintering temperature to 1400 degrees C. The approaches include (1) external ZnO addition, (2) internal Zn doping, and (3) fluorite-phase Zr0.4Ce0.4Y0.1Yb0.1O1.9 (ZCYYb4411) addition as a sintering aid. All methods yielded pure ceramics adopting the I4/mcm tetragonal perovskite phase, with Zn-based strategies achieving relative densities above 90 %. In contrast, the addition of the fluorite phase proved less effective, particularly at higher concentrations. In most cases, the conventional calcination step was avoided, and a relative density above 90 % was achieved through single-step sintering at 1400 degrees C, thereby improving energy efficiency and simplifying the process. The selected samples were subjected to SEM analysis and conductivity testing, revealing a high conductivity level: BaZr$_{0.4}$Ce$_{0.4}$Y$_{0.05}$Yb$_{0.1}$O$_{3-δ}$ reached 0.9 x 10(-2) S cm(-1), while BZCYYb4411 with 0.5 wt% ZnO addition achieved 0.6 x 10(-2) S cm(-1) at 700 degrees C in humidified N2 underscoring the effectiveness of these approaches in enhancing the sintering of BZCYYb4411 while maintaining a high level of conductivity.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Lozane Hamze"
    },
    {
      "name": "Annie Le Gal La Salle"
    },
    {
      "name": "Olivier Joubert"
    },
    {
      "name": "Eric Quarez"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4yfwa6n7a4396.bib",
  "cited_by": 4,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.05.241",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "4yfwa6n7a4396",
  "issns": [
    "0360-3199",
    "1879-3487"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05165881v2",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.chim"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "1.chim.mate"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2505|Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W4410714897",
  "pdf_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05165881/document",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-06",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4yfwa6n7a4396.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:49Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05165881",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05165881v2"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "hal:1.chim.mate",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Impact of sintering procedures on the densification and conductivity of BaZr$_{0.4}$Ce$_{0.4}$Y$_{0.1}$Yb$_{0.1}$O$_{3-δ}$ electrolyte for protonic ceramic fuel cells",
  "title_text": "Impact of sintering procedures on the densification and conductivity of BaZr_0.4Ce_0.4Y_0.1Yb_0.1O_3−δ electrolyte for protonic ceramic fuel cells",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:49Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4yfwa6n7a4396",
  "venue": "International Journal of Hydrogen Energy",
  "versions": []
}