{
  "abstract": "Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease of the CNS characterized by demyelinating lesions. Lesion expansion contributes to disability progression, whereas remyelination may restore neurological function. How these divergent outcomes relate to microglial states remains incompletely understood. Using single-cell-resolution spatial transcriptomics, we compare lesions containing foamy to those containing ramified microglia in postmortem human brain tissue. We find distinct cellular and molecular signatures spatially associated with microglial morphology. Lesions with ramified microglia display gene expression profiles associated with myelin stability and axonal support, consistent with an environment permissive for repair. In contrast, lesions with foamy microglia exhibit immune activation, immunoglobulin production, complement activity, iron dysregulation, immune-oligodendrocytes, and demyelination. These findings show that molecular programs linked to lesion pathology are spatially segregated in association with microglial state, indicating distinct immune-glial niches associated with lesion expansion and repair.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: a.v.d.bosch@nin.knaw.nl",
    "BGI Research, Riga, Latvia",
    "Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands",
    "Section Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands",
    "Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden",
    "Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; MS Center ErasMS, Department of Neurology and Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands",
    "Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands",
    "Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: jan.mulder@ki.se",
    "Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: i.huitinga@nin.knaw.nl"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Aletta M.R. van den Bosch",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8886-8928"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jia Hui Khoo",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8385-5669"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Zhigang Lu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Han Liang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Dennis D. Wever",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0801-4453"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Li Pu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Bart J. L. Eggen",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8941-0353"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Mathias Uhlén",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4858-8056"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Joost Smolders",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9766-8661"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Jörg Hamann",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9448-1727"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Zhouchun Shang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1740-7961"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Jan Mulder",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3717-5018"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Inge Huitinga",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4878-8920"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4yxymcb47m30t.bib",
  "cited_by": 11,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117538",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "4yxymcb47m30t",
  "issns": [
    "2211-1247",
    "2639-1856"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117538",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2728|Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2734|Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7164020242",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": "42268720",
  "published": "2026-06-01",
  "publisher": "Cell Press",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4yxymcb47m30t.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T13:21:15Z",
      "native_id": "W7164020242",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117538"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2728|Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies",
      "subfield": "neurology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Microglial states associate with lesion dynamics in multiple sclerosis",
  "title_text": "Microglial states associate with lesion dynamics in multiple sclerosis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T13:20:59Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4yxymcb47m30t",
  "venue": "Cell Reports",
  "versions": []
}