{
  "abstract": "Enzyme-based mitigation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is commonly evaluated by parent-toxin depletion. This study characterized the stage-dependent, mediator-free transformation of AFB1 by recombinant Bacillus laccase frL103 and assessed chemical, biological, and structural outcomes. UHPLC-HRMS profiling at 0, 30, and 60 h yielded 2846 filtered features and showed that the AFB1 response decreased to 23.8% and 14.8% of the initial value at 30 and 60 h, respectively. A feature at m/z 329.0660 increased at 30 h and declined to 17.7% of that response at 60 h; accurate mass and MS/MS fragmentation supported its putative identification as AFQ1. A lower-abundance feature at m/z 327.0504 was putatively assigned as Dehydro-AFQ1, a proposed dehydrogenated AFQ1-related product. The 60 h reaction mixture produced higher viability than intact AFB1 in HepG2 and 293T cells, structure-based predictions retained endpoint-dependent hazard signals for the proposed products. In molecular dynamics simulations, AFB1 and its proposed products differed in hydration, distance distributions relative to the T1 copper center and binding-pocket retention. These findings establish a stage-resolved, product-centered framework for evaluating enzymatic AFB1 transformation. This approach links bioprocess performance with product evolution, cytotoxicity attenuation, and substrate recognition, while identifying the need for product confirmation, quantitative mass balance.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China zhangchong@njau.edu.cn lixu@njau.edu.cn +86-25-8439652.",
    "Jiangsu Junyao Life Science & Technology Development Co., Ltd P. R. China."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Luyao Bian",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0400-831X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ting Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Feiyang Pan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jinwen Cai"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xu Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Chong Zhang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7916-5136"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4yzsz9y9c9vmz.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6ra07811g",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13711381",
  "id": "4yzsz9y9c9vmz",
  "issns": [
    "2046-2069"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42948572",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Chemistry"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1110|Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223857073",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13711381?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13711381",
  "pmid": "42948572",
  "published": "2026-10-27",
  "publisher": "Royal Society of Chemistry",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4yzsz9y9c9vmz.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:33Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42948572",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42948572"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:22:10Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13711381",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra07811g"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1110|Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food",
      "subfield": "plant-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Substrate recognition and stage-dependent transformation of aflatoxin B1 by mediator-free Bacillus laccase frL103.",
  "title_text": "Substrate recognition and stage-dependent transformation of aflatoxin B1 by mediator-free Bacillus laccase frL103.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T12:22:10Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4yzsz9y9c9vmz",
  "venue": "RSC advances",
  "versions": []
}