{
  "abstract": "Study region: The Pangu River basin is a data-scarce, high-latitude mountainous catchment in the northern Greater Khingan Mountains, Northeast China, where runoff is jointly shaped by seasonal snow, freeze-thaw processes, river ice, catchment storage-release, and limited direct human regulation. Study focus: We examined annual runoff and seasonal release under warming-wetting using harmonized monthly runoff observations, a cold-region process-diagnostic model (PHY), and targeted tests of total-runoff residual, parameter, and snow-structure sensitivity. Diagnostic pathway allocation was treated as secondary sensitivity analysis. New hydrological insights for the region: Within the snow-state-constrained reference model, historical runoff did not increase proportionally to wetting. Between 1961–1990 and 1995–2024, annual precipitation increased by 53.7 mm, whereas PHY annual runoff changed by only −3.0 mm and runoff efficiency declined from 0.265 to 0.228. April–June (AMJ) runoff showed a model-inferred directional decline of 4.8 mm, with a relative shift toward July–October (JASO); bootstrap intervals for AMJ runoff and seasonal-allocation contrasts included zero. In the PHY diagnostic decomposition, the snow-related spring-release index (SAI) declined from 0.312 to 0.278. Runoff directions persisted under local parameter and residual perturbations, and lower SAI persisted within the reference parameter ensemble. Removing ERA5-Land snow-state assimilation reversed the key historical directions. The efficiency contrast reflects a response conditioned by effective-forcing and numerical snow-state adjustments, not an identified fate of additional precipitation. Weaker snow-supported spring release is therefore a conditional model interpretation, not an established climatic mechanism.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China",
    "Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Corresponding authors.",
    "Department of Hydrogeology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119899, Russia"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tingting Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ping Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Wenbin Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hong Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ziwei Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fubao Sun"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Sergey P. Pozdniakov"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4z7brxkzjhmkb.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.104124",
  "fulltext_url": "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581826010220",
  "id": "4z7brxkzjhmkb",
  "issns": [
    "2214-5818"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.104124",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "lcc",
      "GB3-5030"
    ],
    [
      "lcc",
      "QE1-996.5"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2312|Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223246931",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4z7brxkzjhmkb.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:44:35Z",
      "native_id": "ad35a28b10ad432f86da7214c62c657a",
      "source": "doaj",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.104124"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2312|Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies",
      "subfield": "hydrology-soils"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Runoff efficiency and seasonal redistribution under warming–wetting in the Pangu River basin: A snow-state-constrained assessment",
  "title_text": "Runoff efficiency and seasonal redistribution under warming–wetting in the Pangu River basin: A snow-state-constrained assessment",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T13:44:35Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4z7brxkzjhmkb",
  "venue": "Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies",
  "versions": []
}