{
  "abstract": "Fever is a conserved physiological response to immune activation characterized by elevated body temperature. While hyperthermia enhances innate and T cell immunity, its role in shaping the B cell compartment remains poorly defined, despite B cells' role in long-term protection. Understanding how temperature modulates B cell physiology is relevant to vaccine strategies, particularly fever management around immunization. Therefore, we investigated the influence of fever-range thermal changes on humoral immunity. To decipher the direct effects, primary B cells from C57BL/6 mice were stimulated in vitro under mild hyperthermic conditions (~1.5{degrees}C increase). Fever-range temperature enhanced B cell activation, facilitated entry into cell division, and increased antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells, while transcriptomic analysis revealed enrichment of pathways involved in protein synthesis and mitochondrial respiration. To determine whether these intrinsic effects translated into altered humoral immunity in vivo, we developed a novel tunable implant-based system to induce localized, 48-hour hyperthermia around a draining lymph node in awake mice without altering core body temperature. Following subcutaneous NP-OVA/alum immunization, localized hyperthermia localized hyperthermia did not enhance antigen-specific germinal center B cell expansion, antibody titers or IgG affinity on day 9. Moreover, heating during priming did not affect the recall humoral response after a booster on day 21. Thus, fever-range temperature directly modulates murine B cell function in vitro but does not enhance humoral immunity in vivo, indicating that the biological consequences of intrinsic B cell thermosensitivity depend on its integration within the multicellular and inflammatory signals shaping germinal center responses.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, LVTS, F-75018 Paris, France"
  ],
  "article_type": "New results",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 11,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "S. Mohammed"
    },
    {
      "name": "Z. Sbihi"
    },
    {
      "name": "P. Laignel"
    },
    {
      "name": "I. Houtia"
    },
    {
      "name": "S. Haddou"
    },
    {
      "name": "E. Procopio"
    },
    {
      "name": "O. Morales"
    },
    {
      "name": "G. Franck"
    },
    {
      "name": "G. Caligiuri"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Nicoletti"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "M. Le Borgne"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4zm2kch0r5q3m.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.10.12.757555",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.12.757555v1.full",
  "id": "4zm2kch0r5q3m",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.12.757555v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "biorxiv",
      "immunology"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2403|T-cell and B-cell Immunology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221612087",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.12.757555v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-12",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4zm2kch0r5q3m.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:27:28Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.10.12.757555",
      "source": "biorxiv",
      "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.10.12.757555v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "biorxiv:immunology",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Fever-range temperature enhances B cells in vitro but is dispensable for the germinal center in vivo",
  "title_text": "Fever-range temperature enhances B cells in vitro but is dispensable for the germinal center in vivo",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:27:28Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/4zm2kch0r5q3m",
  "venue": "bioRxiv",
  "versions": []
}