{
  "abstract": "Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) has been approved for use in patients who are at high risk for severe acute COVID-19 illness. Evidence regarding whether acute use of Paxlovid protects against Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), or Long COVID, is mixed in high-risk patients and lacking in low-risk patients. With a target trial emulation framework, we evaluated the association of Paxlovid treatment within 5 days of SARS-CoV-2 infection with incident Long COVID and hospitalization or death from any cause in the post-acute period (30–180 days after infection) using electronic health records from the Patient-Centered Clinical Research Networks (PCORnet) RECOVER repository. The study population included 497,499 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients between March 1, 2022, to February 28, 2023. For those who had at least 1 risk factor for severe COVID-19 illness, 159,659 were treated with at least one dose of Paxlovid within 5 days since infection and 272,048 were not treated with Paxlovid or other COVID-19 treatments during the acute infection period. Compared with the non-treated group, Paxlovid treatment was associated with reduced risk of Long COVID with a Hazard Ratio (HR) of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.87 to 0.89) and absolute risk reduction of 2.99 events per 100 persons (95% CI, 2.65 to 3.32). For those without documented risk factors, the associations (HR, 1.03, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.11; risk increase 0.80 events per 100 persons, 95% CI -0.84 to 2.45) were inconclusive. High-risk, nonhospitalized adult patients with COVID-19 who were treated with Paxlovid within 5 days of SARS-CoV-2 infection had a lower risk of Long COVID and all-cause hospitalization or death in the post-acute period. However, Long COVID risk reduction with Paxlovid was not observed in low-risk patients.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Weill Cornell Medicine",
    "Children's Hospital of Philadelphia",
    "Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania",
    "Louisiana Public Health Institute Rainu Kaushal Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY",
    "National Institutes of Health's RECOVER Initiative",
    "Northwestern University",
    "University of Iowa",
    "University of Washington School of Medicin",
    "Weill Cornell Medicine Yongkang Zhang Weill Cornell Medicine",
    "University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine",
    "Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine",
    "University of Washington School of Medicine",
    "Patient representative for Long COVID patients with the National Institutes of Health’s RECOVER Initiative",
    "6Patient representative for Long COVID patients with the National Institutes of Health’s RECOVER Initiative",
    "Applied Clinical Research Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia",
    "Louisiana Public Health Institute",
    "Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
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      "name": "Haoyang Li"
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      "name": "Yongkang Zhang"
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      "name": "Alejandro P. Comellas",
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      "name": "Andrew Wylam"
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      "name": "Fei Wang"
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      "name": "Rainu Kaushal",
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  "title": "Real-world effectiveness of Paxlovid in protecting Long COVID for outpatient adult patients: A target trial emulation study from the RECOVER Initiative",
  "title_text": "Real-world effectiveness of Paxlovid in protecting Long COVID for outpatient adult patients: A target trial emulation study from the RECOVER Initiative",
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