{
  "abstract": "Introduction\n\nGiven the proven cardiovascular benefits of Empagliflozin (EM), we aimed to investigate the effect of Empagliflozin on Cardiotrophin-1 (CTF-1) and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) expressions in circulating monocytes in type 2 diabetic patients after MI.Methods\n\nThis randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study included 33 patients referred to Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan between 5 of September to 25 of December, 2024. Eligible patients with type 2 diabetes and MI who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were randomly assigned (17:16) to receive either 10 mg of EMPA daily or placebo for 12 weeks. Target genes expression levels were quantified by real time PCR, and data were analyzed by SPSS version 26.Results\n\nThirty-three patients were included in this study (mean age: 61.27±9.07, 66% male), mean diabetes duration was longer in intervention group (7.82±5.13) compared to placebo group (3.75±2.74), hypertension was the most common comorbidity (57%). CTF-1 expression in the intervention group was 0.3±0.28 and in placebo group was 5.66±6.52. GDF-15 expression in the intervention group was 0.198±0.22 and in placebo group was 1.66±1.04. EMPA significantly reduced expression of CTF-1 (13-fold) (P=0.003) and GDF-15 (7-fold) (P ˂ 0.0001). The CTF-1 and GDF-15 expression reduction were not associated with any other clinical variables. Significant reduction observed in LDL (P=0.045) and triglycerides (P=0.013) after intervention.Conclusion\n\nEMPA significantly reduced the expression of CTF-1 and GDF-15 in type 2 diabetic, post MI patients, which are associated with atherosclerosis, and suggest that potential anti-atherosclerotic effect of EMPA mediated through modulation of GDF-15 and CTF-1 gene expression.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.",
    "Department of Cardiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Reza Rastgoo",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-9289-2717"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mahnaz Yousefi Ramandi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fereshteh Ebrahimi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Reza Madadi",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1543-420X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hamid Khederlou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ali Ramazani",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0369-2981"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/51px6zqc4r7k4.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.34172/jcvtr.33675",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13677614",
  "id": "51px6zqc4r7k4",
  "issns": [
    "2008-5117",
    "2008-6830"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898280",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2745|GDF15 and Related Biomarkers"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7219568466",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13677614?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13677614",
  "pmid": "42898280",
  "published": "2026-06-30",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/51px6zqc4r7k4.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:42Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42898280",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42898280"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2745|GDF15 and Related Biomarkers",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Impact of Empagliflozin on mRNA Levels of Cardiotrophin-1 and GDF-15 in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing PCI: A Double-Blind Pilot Trial.",
  "title_text": "Impact of Empagliflozin on mRNA Levels of Cardiotrophin-1 and GDF-15 in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing PCI: A Double-Blind Pilot Trial.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:42Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/51px6zqc4r7k4",
  "venue": "Journal of cardiovascular and thoracic research",
  "versions": []
}