{
  "abstract": "Introduction: Lifestyle information can help contextualize variation in the human gut microbiome, but its collection and operational definitions differ across studies. We developed a candidate questionnaire combining diet, physical activity and sleep for microbiome host metadata and undertook an initial appraisal by Italian experts. Candidate content was informed by a focused narrative literature appraisal and established lifestyle-assessment frameworks.\n\nMethods: Seventeen experts were invited and nine responded (53%). In a single anonymous rating round, experts assessed the relevance of 37 candidate items on a five-point scale. The prespecified agreement criterion was at least 70% of respondents assigning a rating of 4 or 5, corresponding to at least seven of nine experts.\n\nResults: Twenty-five items (67.6%) met this criterion: 18 of 23 dietary items (78.3%), six of eight physicalactivity items (75.0%), and one of six sleep items (16.7%). Twelve items remained exploratory.\n\nDiscussion: These findings provide an initial prioritization of candidate lifestyle metadata within an Italian specialist network. They do not establish a stable iterative Delphi consensus, instrument reliability, construct validity, or associations between questionnaire responses and microbiome outcomes. Participant testing, operational refinement and empirical evaluation are required before research deployment or potential use in fecal microbiota transplantation donor characterization.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, IRCCS AOU SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy",
    "Department of Science and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy",
    "Department of Human Sciences and Innovation for the Territory (DISUIT), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy",
    "Research Center for Clinical Ethics (CREC), Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy",
    "Microbiology Unit, University Hospital Padova, Padova, Italy",
    "Division of Gastroenterology, San Giuseppe Hospital, Gruppo Multimedica, Milan, Italy",
    "Department of Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, University of Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy",
    "Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy",
    "Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy",
    "Microbiology and Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy",
    "CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy",
    "Microbiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy",
    "Department of Laboratory and Hematological Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy",
    "Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensive and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy",
    "Microbiology and Virology Department, AO Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy",
    "Unit of Microbiomics and Unit of Research of Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy",
    "Department of Life Science, Health, and Health Professions, Link Campus University, Rome, Italy",
    "UOC Laboratory of Clinical Medicine with Specialized Areas, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy",
    "Clinical Microbiology and Microbiome Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 20,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Andrea Rocchetti"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Franca Gotta"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Paolo Bottino"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Daria Vay"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Valentina Pizzo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Valerio Gugliotta"
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    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Alessandra Agnese Grossi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Valeria Besutti"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Mario Bianchetti"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Elisa Bona"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Ignazio Castagliuolo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Marta Corbella"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Antonio Gasbarrini"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Antonella Marangoni"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12,
        13
      ],
      "name": "Luca Masucci"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        14
      ],
      "name": "Maria Vittoria Mauro"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        15,
        16
      ],
      "name": "Lorenza Putignani"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "Gianluca Quaranta"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12,
        13
      ],
      "name": "Maurizio Sanguinetti"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        17,
        18
      ],
      "name": "Lorenzo Drago"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/51wthw2rd0cps.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fcimb.2026.1932122",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13730856/",
  "id": "51wthw2rd0cps",
  "issns": [
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  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1932122",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
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      "1312|Gut microbiota and health"
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  "openalex": "W7223089015",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-and-infection-microbiology/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1932122/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13730856",
  "pmid": "42984552",
  "published": "2026-10-21",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/51wthw2rd0cps.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-07T12:23:50Z",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2026.1932122"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Gut microbiota and health",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
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  ],
  "title": "Development and expert appraisal of a lifestyle questionnaire for microbiome host metadata",
  "title_text": "Development and expert appraisal of a lifestyle questionnaire for microbiome host metadata",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:21:10Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/51wthw2rd0cps",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology",
  "versions": []
}