{
  "abstract": "Supplementary irrigation using harvested water is widely promoted in Burkina Faso and is increasingly adopted nationally as a suitable practice for sustaining and/or improving rain-fed production. However, under current land degradation conditions, this approach should be sustainable, with optimal water amounts matched to N fertiliser to optimise productivity while improving soil fertility. A two-year (2023 and 2024) split-plot field experiment was conducted at Gomtoaga village (12.24° N and 1.24° W), Koubri District, Burkina Faso, to identify an optimal water-nitrogen combination for improving soil fertility, yield, and water-use efficiency. Two forms of urea, pearled urea (PU) and deep placement of super granule urea (DPU), were combined with three water amounts (D100, D75, and D50), representing 100%, 75%, and 50% of tomato net irrigation, respectively. The results indicated that the PU + D75 combination increased soil microbial CO2 release (152%), microbial biomass (145%), OM (210%), C (215%), N (44%), and yield (34%), whereas DPU + D75 increased soil P (121%) and K (324%). The highest water productivity (43.34 kg/m3) and the lowest water cost (55.52 F CFA) for producing 1 kg of tomato were obtained under DPU + D50. Therefore, DPU + D50 and PU + D75 may be considered adapted practices for coping with water scarcity and improving land productivity, respectively. A cost-benefit analysis is required to identify the most beneficial combination by balancing farm returns and sustainable production.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Aime Severin Kima"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bene-Wendebernice Sandwidi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Moussa Waongo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Etienne Kima"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bruno Barbier"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yu-Min Wang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/52q5wavnep89s.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.9734/ijpss/2026/v38i86216",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "52q5wavnep89s",
  "issns": [
    "2320-7035"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05754068v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.sdv"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1111|Irrigation Practices and Water Management"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7170047212",
  "pdf_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05754068/document",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-07-22",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/52q5wavnep89s.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:36Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05754068",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05754068v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:1111|Irrigation Practices and Water Management",
      "subfield": "hydrology-soils"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Water-nitrogen Management under supplementary irrigation through rainwater harvesting technique for improving soil fertility, tomato yield and water productivity in the West African Sahel",
  "title_text": "Water-nitrogen Management under supplementary irrigation through rainwater harvesting technique for improving soil fertility, tomato yield and water productivity in the West African Sahel",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:36Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/52q5wavnep89s",
  "venue": "International Journal of Plant & Soil Science",
  "versions": []
}