{
  "abstract": "Birth marks a sudden transition from a sterile intrauterine environment to one rich in pathogens, requiring rapid immune adaptation. Using mass spectrometry and immunoassays, we profile 324 plasma proteins, cytokines, and chemokines in 906 peripheral blood samples from 679 healthy, term, vaginally born Gambian neonates and an independent smaller validation cohort from Papua New Guinea. This proteomic analysis provides insights into plasma protein dynamics during the first 48 h of life at a bi-hourly resolution. The temporal analysis reveals non-linear trajectories, layering of immune system development, and distinct periods, all of which are inadequately described at the conventional day of life resolution. Significant sex-dependent immune system development is noticeable during the first 16 h after birth, which is also supported by a neonatal immuno-molecular clock for the earliest postnatal period. This study provides molecular insights into normal plasma protein ontogenies and developmental processes during the first two days of life.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark",
    "Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA",
    "Precision Vaccines Program, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA",
    "Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA",
    "F.M. Kirby Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA",
    "Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Engineering, Digital Engineering Faculty, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany",
    "PROOF Centre of Excellence, Providence Research, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada",
    "UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada",
    "Vaccines & Immunity Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia",
    "The Vaccine Centre, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK",
    "Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea",
    "Wesfarmers Centre for Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, The Kids Research Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia",
    "RAN BioLinks, Ltd. Suite 1201, 1200 Bay Street, Toronto, ON M5R 2A5, Canada",
    "Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia",
    "Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA",
    "Molecular Biology & Biochemistry Department, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada",
    "Charité Centre for Global Health and Institute for International Health, Charité Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany",
    "Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 24,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Tue B. Bennike"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Alec L. Plotkin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jensen Pak"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Arthur Viode"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Christoph N. Schlaffner"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Casey P. Shannon"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8,
        9
      ],
      "name": "Olubukola T. Idoko"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Rebecca Ford"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Anita H.J. van den Biggelaar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Oludare A. Odumade"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Dylan Nicholas Tabang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "Rym Ben-Othman"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        13
      ],
      "name": "Peter C. Richmond"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Joann Diray-Arce"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3,
        14
      ],
      "name": "Al Ozonoff"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Judith A. Steen"
    },
    {
      "name": "EPIC-HIPC Consortium"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        15
      ],
      "name": "Amy H.Y. Lee"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "William S. Pomat"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8,
        9,
        16
      ],
      "name": "Beate Kampmann"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3,
        14
      ],
      "name": "Ofer Levy"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        17
      ],
      "name": "Tobias R. Kollmann"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Kinga K. Smolen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Hanno Steen"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/53a4md0d5t6b6.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.103048",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13710135/",
  "id": "53a4md0d5t6b6",
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  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.103048",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
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      "Article"
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      "openalex",
      "2739|Neonatal and Maternal Infections"
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  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13710135",
  "pmid": "42727584",
  "published": "2026-09-11",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/53a4md0d5t6b6.ris",
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      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2739|Neonatal and Maternal Infections",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
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  ],
  "title": "Bi-hourly plasma proteomics during the first 48 h of life in an African cohort reveals distinct periods and sex-dependent immune development",
  "title_text": "Bi-hourly plasma proteomics during the first 48 h of life in an African cohort reveals distinct periods and sex-dependent immune development",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T12:21:09Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/53a4md0d5t6b6",
  "venue": "Cell Reports Medicine",
  "versions": []
}