{
  "abstract": "Background:: Central adiposity may contribute more strongly to renal injury than overall obesity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly in South Asian populations characterized by higher visceral fat at lower body mass index (BMI).\n\nObjective:: To evaluate six adiposity indices—BMI, weight-adjusted waist index (WWI), body adiposity index (BAI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), a body shape index (ABSI), and body roundness index (BRI)—and identify the superior predictor of albuminuria in Indian adults with T2DM.\n\nMethods:: In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, 364 adults with T2DM were enrolled consecutively. Albuminuria (normo-, micro-, or macroalbuminuria) was determined using the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Group differences were assessed using Welch’s ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests. Associations were examined using Spearman’s correlation and binary and multinomial logistic regression adjusted for age, systolic blood pressure, HbA1c, smoking, and serum creatinine.\n\nResults:: WWI, ABSI, BMI, and BAI differed across albuminuria categories (P < 0.05). WWI (r = 0.163, P = 0.002) and ABSI (r = 0.183, P < 0.001) correlated positively with UACR, whereas BAI correlated negatively (r = −0.137, P = 0.009). In adjusted models, WWI (OR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.01–1.73) and ABSI (OR = 1.04 per 0.001-unit; 95% CI = 1.01–1.07) were independently associated with albuminuria, unlike BMI and BAI. The ABSI model showed the highest discrimination (AUC = 0.775). Stage-specific analysis demonstrated associations for WWI with macroalbuminuria (OR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.09–2.53) and for ABSI with microalbuminuria (OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.00–1.07) and macroalbuminuria (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.02–1.12).\n\nConclusion:: Central adiposity indices WWI and ABSI show modest, independent, and graded associations with albuminuria severity in Indian adults with T2DM.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India",
    "Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India",
    "Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India",
    "Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Gujarat, India"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mehul Kaliya"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Sagar Dholariya"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ragini Singh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Garima Anandani"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Krupal Joshi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Parth Goswami"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/53akr2hne8810.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_657_26",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13722255/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "53akr2hne8810",
  "issns": [
    "2249-4863",
    "2278-7135"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13722255",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2727|Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220833573",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13722255/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13722255",
  "pmid": "42964852",
  "published": "2026-07-01",
  "publisher": "Wolters Kluwer -- Medknow Publications",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/53akr2hne8810.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:21:45Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13722255",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13722255"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:22:48Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13722255",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_657_26"
    }
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2727|Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Association of conventional and emerging adiposity indices with albuminuria in Indian type 2 diabetic adults",
  "title_text": "Association of conventional and emerging adiposity indices with albuminuria in Indian type 2 diabetic adults",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:22:48Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/53akr2hne8810",
  "venue": "Journal of family medicine and primary care",
  "versions": []
}