{
  "abstract": "In over-the-air split learning over an aging single-antenna Rayleigh channel, the mean returned gradient equals the antenna-domain gradient scaled by the temporal correlation. Uncorrected training collapses in negative-correlation lobes. Near a correlation zero, no nonzero scalar calibration improves the ratio of mean power to innovation power for an individual transmission, and, on the tested grid, using sixteen times as many pilots recovers only 7 percent of the training gap. Returning at the first correlation extremum with phase correction, 1.3 ms later at 3.5 GHz and 15 m/s, achieves 90.2 percent accuracy, compared with 91.8 percent with CSI. In the tested line-of-sight setting, the near-zero gap becomes negligible.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.23135",
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Xianzhong Li"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yuzhi Yang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tianhao Guo"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/53fs5aefc2cpr.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.23135",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "53fs5aefc2cpr",
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  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.23135",
  "language": null,
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  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cs.IT"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "eess.SP"
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    [
      "arxiv",
      "math.IT"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2208|Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling"
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  "openalex": "W7222940843",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.23135",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-26",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/53fs5aefc2cpr.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:35:40Z",
      "native_id": "2610.23135",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.23135"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "mathematics",
      "origin": "arxiv:math.IT",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Wait to Learn: Timing the Gradient Return in Over-the-Air Split Learning over an Aging Single-Antenna Channel",
  "title_text": "Wait to Learn: Timing the Gradient Return in Over-the-Air Split Learning over an Aging Single-Antenna Channel",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:35:40Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/53fs5aefc2cpr",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}