{
  "abstract": "Using Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA), Yang et al. concluded that adequate levels of organizational support, patient safety culture, adverse event risk perception, professional identity, and self-efficacy constitute necessary prerequisites for achieving high patient safety competency among master's-level nursing students. However, NCA-derived necessity effects may arise solely from associations between variables rather than reflecting genuine necessity relationships. In the present reanalysis, we evaluated whether the necessity effects reported by Yang et al. exceeded expected levels attributable to correlation alone. All reported effects were found to fall within or below estimated ranges of spuriousness, indicating that they were not stronger than would be anticipated in the absence of true necessity. Accordingly, the evidence presented by Yang et al. does not provide robust support for the claimed necessity relationships. We recommend that researchers employing NCA routinely assess ranges of spuriousness and only interpret necessity effects as substantive when they exceed these benchmarks.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Kimmo Sorjonen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bo Melin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Marika Melin"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/560vg8gpj04gy.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.31234/osf.io/h4ncm_v1",
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  "id": "560vg8gpj04gy",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/h4ncm_v1/",
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  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "bepress",
      "Developmental Psychology"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Employee Behavior and Motivation"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Environmental Psychology"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Individual Differences"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Industrial and Organizational Psychology"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Intragroup Processes"
    ],
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      "bepress",
      "Learning Environments"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Meta-science"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Organizational Culture"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Performance Appraisal"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Quantitative Methods"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Quantitative Psychology"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Self and Social Identity"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Social and Behavioral Sciences"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Social and Personality Psychology"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Statistical Methods"
    ],
    [
      "bepress",
      "Workgroup and Teams"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3604|Patient Safety and Medication Errors"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221575167",
  "pdf_url": "https://osf.io/h4ncm/download",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-12",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/560vg8gpj04gy.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:55Z",
      "native_id": "h4ncm",
      "source": "osf",
      "url": "https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/h4ncm_v1/"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "mathematics",
      "origin": "bepress:Statistical Methods",
      "subfield": "statistics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Questionable necessity effects on patient safety competency among nursing students: Re-examining Yang et al. (2027)",
  "title_text": "Questionable necessity effects on patient safety competency among nursing students: Re-examining Yang et al. (2027)",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:55Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/560vg8gpj04gy",
  "venue": "PsyArXiv",
  "versions": []
}