{
  "abstract": "The fill factor of finely segmented low-gain avalanche detectors (LGAD) is limited by the effective inter-pixel distance (IPD), particularly when charge is generated far from the gain layer. In this work, 200 $$\\mu $$ m thick trench-isolated LGADs (TI-LGADs) fabricated by Micron Semiconductor Ltd. were characterized using single-photon and two-photon absorption transient current technique measurements at ELI Beamlines to determine the dependence of IPD on interaction depth, illumination direction, and gain-layer doping. The measurements show that the effective IPD is smallest near the trench side of the device and increases as charge generation occurs deeper in the sensor bulk, with a minimum measured IPD of approximately 7 $$\\mu $$ m. Devices with higher gain-layer doping exhibit larger IPD, indicating a trade-off between gain and effective fill factor, while depth-resolved measurements reveal enhanced charge collection at the trench edge consistent with a localized high-field region at the gain-layer/trench interface. These results show that, in thick TI-LGADs, back-side shallow absorption corresponds to charge generation far from the multiplication region and can therefore lead to an increased IPD, which may limit the performance of small-pixel designs. The findings identify an important design constraint for TI-LGADs intended for applications involving shallow energy deposition under back-side illumination.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Fasih Zareef",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6357-1933"
    },
    {
      "name": "Parisa Rezaei Mianroodi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mateusz Rebarz"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pablo Fernandez-Martínez"
    },
    {
      "name": "Richard Bates"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dzmitry Maneuski"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mark Bullough"
    },
    {
      "name": "Agnieszka Obłakowska-Mucha"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tomasz Szumlak"
    },
    {
      "name": "Neil Moffat"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/562c0rh373vdh.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41598-026-74942-1",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "562c0rh373vdh",
  "issns": [
    "2045-2322"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-74942-1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3106|Particle Detector Development and Performance"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223339476",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-74942-1_reference.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-24",
  "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/562c0rh373vdh.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:33Z",
      "native_id": "10.1038/s41598-026-74942-1",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-74942-1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "openalex:3106|Particle Detector Development and Performance",
      "subfield": "high-energy"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Depth-dependent inter-pixel distance in trench-isolated LGADs for shallow radiation detection",
  "title_text": "Depth-dependent inter-pixel distance in trench-isolated LGADs for shallow radiation detection",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:33Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/562c0rh373vdh",
  "venue": "Scientific Reports",
  "versions": []
}